Congenital Defects Flashcards
Clefts are ___% of all congenital malformations
15
*2nd most common malformation
Oblique facial-
Median cleft lip-
Bilateral cleft lip-
Failure to fuse maxillary lateral nasal process.
Failure to fuse median nasal process.
Failure to fuse maxillary medial nasal process.
Environmental (2 pts)
Presence of teratogens
Timing of the teratogens
*more from environment
*Lips- 4-6wks
Tongue- 4-8wks
1st arch- 4-10wks
Cleft etiologies:
Primary palate-
Clefts maybe isolated or with clefts of secondary palate
Deficiency in mesenchyme: (2 pts)
Failure of neural crest cells to migrate
Failure of mesenchyme to proliferate
Isolated palatal celts:
Mechanisms (4)
- Failure of shelves to contract
- No fusion of shelves (epithelium not resorbed)
- Rupture after fusion
- Defective merging/consolidation of mesenchyme
* using suction feels like their breath is being taken away
Palatal cleft: dental influences
Unilateral primary palatal cleft-
Bilateral primary cleft palate-
If associated with secondary palatal cleft-
Missing incisors, teeth 7/8 or 9/10
All incisors missing (7-10) canines could be involved (2nd palate)
Premolars and molars are okay, but incisors and canines gone
Unilateral primary cleft palate:
*teeth ____ and _____
9 and 10
Lip involved
*did not have fusion of 2nd palate
Unilateral primary and 2ndary cleft palates:
- 2ndary palate didn’t fuse with premaxilla
* can see nasal cavity
Bilateral primary cleft palate:
- primary didn’t come down
* can see nasal septum
Bilateral primary and 2ndary cleft palates:
- no teeth from anteriors forward
* can have premolars and molars
Cleft tongue:
Lingual swellings fail to
Partial cleft results in
Either a failure of _________ or ________ to proliferate
Merge together
Deep groove
Epithelial cells to die or mesenchymal cells
*recommend tongue scraper
Treacher-Collins syndrome:
Failure of
Neural crest cells to migrate to the facial region
