Congenital Defects

Question 1

A large VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonic stenosis, and RV hypertrophy

Answer 1

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 2

Associated with partial pulmonary venous drainage.

Answer 2

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect

Question 3

Defect located in the muscular, central, apical regions.

Answer 3

Trabecular VSD

Question 4

The most common atrial septal defect

Answer 4

Ostium secundum

Question 5

Single arterial vessel from the heart. High VSD. Truncal vessel has 2-6 cusps

Answer 5

Truncus Arteriosus

Question 6

Least common ASD

Answer 6

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect

Question 7

The LV and MV are on the right and the RV and TV are on the left. Aorta is anterior and left of the pulmonary artery.

Answer 7

L-Loop, L-TGA

Question 8

VSD >1cm referred to as non-restrictive

Answer 8

Large VSD

Question 9

AV Canal septal defect puts patient at risk for

Answer 9

Infective endocarditis

Question 10

Located anterior to membranous septum, above the trabecular septum and below the pulmonic valve.

Answer 10

Outlet VSD

Question 11

When the ductus arteriosus doesn’t close after birth and blood flows from the aorta to the pulmonary artery

Answer 11

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 12

When the STVL is displaced distally towards the apex and the ATVL is elongated. Enlarged RA and small RV

Answer 12

Ebstein’s anomaly

Question 13

Not considered a congenital defect. The reopening of the fossa ovalis during lifetime.

Answer 13

Patent foramen ovale

Question 14

Located on the interatrial septum. Low, near the endocardial cushion.

Answer 14

Ostium primum atrial septal defect

Question 15

Aorta attached to RV delivers desaturated blood to body. Pulmonary artery attached to LV delivers oxygenated blood to lungs.

Answer 15

Complete transposition of great vessels

Question 16

Involves the membranous septum and usually extends into trabecular, inlet or outlet regions

Answer 16

Perimembranous VSD

Question 17

VSD .5cm - 1cm

Answer 17

Moderate VSD

Question 18

Ostium primum ASD with membranous VSD. 1 valve seen.

Answer 18

Complete AV canal defect or Complete AV septal defect

Question 19

Ostium primum ASD with no membranous VSD. Two valves seen.

Answer 19

Partial AV Canal defect or Partial AV septal defect

Question 20

Defect is located posterior and inferior beneath the septal TV leaflet.

Answer 20

Inlet VSD

Question 21

Occurs when there is a persistent left superior vena cava. Agitated saline helps diagnose

Answer 21

Coronary sinus atrial septal defect

Question 22

Located on the interatrial septum. Near the fossa ovalis. Associated with mitral prolapse.

Answer 22

Ostium secundum atrial septal defect

Question 23

The narrowing of the descending aorta

Answer 23

Coarctation of Aorta

Question 24

ASD present. Pulmonary veins empty into the incorrect places, like the RA or pulmonary chamber.

Answer 24

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVD)

Question 25

VSD <.5cm referred to as restrictive

Answer 25

Small VSD

Question 26

Associated with a cleft MV and/or Down's syndrome.

Answer 26

Ostium primum atrial septal defect

Question 27

Excessive resorption of septum primum, thus creating hole/defect

Answer 27

Ostium secundum atrial septal defect

Question 28

Incomplete resorption of the sinus venosus. Results in a defect posterior to the fossa ovalis

Answer 28

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect

Question 29

Treated with an Amplatzer device or surgical patch

Answer 29

Atrial septal defects

Question 30

First causes left sided volume overload, then leads to right sided volume overload

Answer 30

Ventricular septal defects

Question 31

When would the RCC be pulled through a shunt?

Answer 31

Outlet VSD

Question 32

Most common VSD

Answer 32

Membranous VSD

Question 33

Associated with a delay in closure of the interventricular septum beyond the first 7 weeks of fetal life

Answer 33

VSD

Question 34

What is Eisenmenger's?

Answer 34

When the chambers pressures equalize. Bad sign and requires heart transplant.

Question 35

Associated with a flaw in the development of the endocardial cushions.

Answer 35

Atrioventricular septal defect (AV Canal)

Question 36

What defects will use pulmonary artery banding for treatment?

Answer 36

AV Canal and Truncus Arteriosus

Question 37

What treatment is most likely used in a patent ductus arteriosus defect?

Answer 37

Transcatheter closure

Question 38

Associated with decreased blood flow thru the aortic arch in fetal circulation

Answer 38

Coarctation of aorta

Question 39

Associated with the primitive heart tube looping to the left instead of the right.

Answer 39

L-Loop, L-TGA

Question 40

Most common cyanotic lesion?

Answer 40

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 41

Associated with the underdevelopment of the infundibulum with secondary associated cardiac abnormalities. Abnormal separation of Truncus Arteriosus

Answer 41

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 42

Treated with Blalock-Taussig shunt

Answer 42

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 43

Associated with the the 3rd-4th week of fetal life and lack of twisting of the truncus arteriosus

Answer 43

Truncus Arteriosus

Question 44

Treatment includes anastomosis of the common pulmonary vein to the LA, Blalock-Hanlon, oxygen, and treatment of CHF

Answer 44

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

Question 45

Associated with incorrect division of the truncus arteriosus

Answer 45

Complete transposition of the great vessels

Question 46

Treated with creation of ASD, keep open the PDA, and Jatene repair

Answer 46

Complete transposition of great vessels

Question 47

What is Blalock-Hanlon?

Answer 47

Creation of ASD

Question 48

What is Blalock-Taussig?

Answer 48

Attachment of the right subclavian artery to the right pulmonary artery

Question 49

What is Jatene procedure?

Answer 49

D-transposition of the great arteries

Question 50

What is Mustard/Senning procedure?

Answer 50

Redirecting pulmonary venous return from the RA