Congenital Defects Flashcards
A large VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonic stenosis, and RV hypertrophy
Tetralogy of Fallot
Associated with partial pulmonary venous drainage.
Sinus venosus atrial septal defect
Defect located in the muscular, central, apical regions.
Trabecular VSD
The most common atrial septal defect
Ostium secundum
Single arterial vessel from the heart. High VSD. Truncal vessel has 2-6 cusps
Truncus Arteriosus
Least common ASD
Sinus venosus atrial septal defect
The LV and MV are on the right and the RV and TV are on the left. Aorta is anterior and left of the pulmonary artery.
L-Loop, L-TGA
VSD >1cm referred to as non-restrictive
Large VSD
AV Canal septal defect puts patient at risk for
Infective endocarditis
Located anterior to membranous septum, above the trabecular septum and below the pulmonic valve.
Outlet VSD
When the ductus arteriosus doesn’t close after birth and blood flows from the aorta to the pulmonary artery
Patent ductus arteriosus
When the STVL is displaced distally towards the apex and the ATVL is elongated. Enlarged RA and small RV
Ebstein’s anomaly
Not considered a congenital defect. The reopening of the fossa ovalis during lifetime.
Patent foramen ovale
Located on the interatrial septum. Low, near the endocardial cushion.
Ostium primum atrial septal defect
Aorta attached to RV delivers desaturated blood to body. Pulmonary artery attached to LV delivers oxygenated blood to lungs.
Complete transposition of great vessels
Involves the membranous septum and usually extends into trabecular, inlet or outlet regions
Perimembranous VSD
VSD .5cm - 1cm
Moderate VSD
Ostium primum ASD with membranous VSD. 1 valve seen.
Complete AV canal defect or Complete AV septal defect
Ostium primum ASD with no membranous VSD. Two valves seen.
Partial AV Canal defect or Partial AV septal defect
Defect is located posterior and inferior beneath the septal TV leaflet.
Inlet VSD
Occurs when there is a persistent left superior vena cava. Agitated saline helps diagnose
Coronary sinus atrial septal defect
Located on the interatrial septum. Near the fossa ovalis. Associated with mitral prolapse.
Ostium secundum atrial septal defect
The narrowing of the descending aorta
Coarctation of Aorta
ASD present. Pulmonary veins empty into the incorrect places, like the RA or pulmonary chamber.
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVD)
VSD <.5cm referred to as restrictive
Small VSD
Associated with a cleft MV and/or Down’s syndrome.
Ostium primum atrial septal defect
Excessive resorption of septum primum, thus creating hole/defect
Ostium secundum atrial septal defect
Incomplete resorption of the sinus venosus. Results in a defect posterior to the fossa ovalis
Sinus venosus atrial septal defect
Treated with an Amplatzer device or surgical patch
Atrial septal defects
First causes left sided volume overload, then leads to right sided volume overload
Ventricular septal defects
When would the RCC be pulled through a shunt?
Outlet VSD
Most common VSD
Membranous VSD
Associated with a delay in closure of the interventricular septum beyond the first 7 weeks of fetal life
VSD
What is Eisenmenger’s?
When the chambers pressures equalize. Bad sign and requires heart transplant.
Associated with a flaw in the development of the endocardial cushions.
Atrioventricular septal defect (AV Canal)
What defects will use pulmonary artery banding for treatment?
AV Canal and Truncus Arteriosus
What treatment is most likely used in a patent ductus arteriosus defect?
Transcatheter closure
Associated with decreased blood flow thru the aortic arch in fetal circulation
Coarctation of aorta
Associated with the primitive heart tube looping to the left instead of the right.
L-Loop, L-TGA
Most common cyanotic lesion?
Tetralogy of Fallot
Associated with the underdevelopment of the infundibulum with secondary associated cardiac abnormalities. Abnormal separation of Truncus Arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot
Treated with Blalock-Taussig shunt
Tetralogy of Fallot
Associated with the the 3rd-4th week of fetal life and lack of twisting of the truncus arteriosus
Truncus Arteriosus
Treatment includes anastomosis of the common pulmonary vein to the LA, Blalock-Hanlon, oxygen, and treatment of CHF
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Associated with incorrect division of the truncus arteriosus
Complete transposition of the great vessels
Treated with creation of ASD, keep open the PDA, and Jatene repair
Complete transposition of great vessels
What is Blalock-Hanlon?
Creation of ASD
What is Blalock-Taussig?
Attachment of the right subclavian artery to the right pulmonary artery
What is Jatene procedure?
D-transposition of the great arteries
What is Mustard/Senning procedure?
Redirecting pulmonary venous return from the RA
