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Embryology > Congenital Defects > Flashcards

Congenital Defects Flashcards

1
Q

A large VSD, overriding aorta, pulmonic stenosis, and RV hypertrophy

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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2
Q

Associated with partial pulmonary venous drainage.

A

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect

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3
Q

Defect located in the muscular, central, apical regions.

A

Trabecular VSD

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4
Q

The most common atrial septal defect

A

Ostium secundum

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5
Q

Single arterial vessel from the heart. High VSD. Truncal vessel has 2-6 cusps

A

Truncus Arteriosus

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6
Q

Least common ASD

A

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect

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7
Q

The LV and MV are on the right and the RV and TV are on the left. Aorta is anterior and left of the pulmonary artery.

A

L-Loop, L-TGA

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8
Q

VSD >1cm referred to as non-restrictive

A

Large VSD

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9
Q

AV Canal septal defect puts patient at risk for

A

Infective endocarditis

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10
Q

Located anterior to membranous septum, above the trabecular septum and below the pulmonic valve.

A

Outlet VSD

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11
Q

When the ductus arteriosus doesn’t close after birth and blood flows from the aorta to the pulmonary artery

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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12
Q

When the STVL is displaced distally towards the apex and the ATVL is elongated. Enlarged RA and small RV

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

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13
Q

Not considered a congenital defect. The reopening of the fossa ovalis during lifetime.

A

Patent foramen ovale

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14
Q

Located on the interatrial septum. Low, near the endocardial cushion.

A

Ostium primum atrial septal defect

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15
Q

Aorta attached to RV delivers desaturated blood to body. Pulmonary artery attached to LV delivers oxygenated blood to lungs.

A

Complete transposition of great vessels

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16
Q

Involves the membranous septum and usually extends into trabecular, inlet or outlet regions

A

Perimembranous VSD

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17
Q

VSD .5cm - 1cm

A

Moderate VSD

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18
Q

Ostium primum ASD with membranous VSD. 1 valve seen.

A

Complete AV canal defect or Complete AV septal defect

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19
Q

Ostium primum ASD with no membranous VSD. Two valves seen.

A

Partial AV Canal defect or Partial AV septal defect

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20
Q

Defect is located posterior and inferior beneath the septal TV leaflet.

A

Inlet VSD

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21
Q

Occurs when there is a persistent left superior vena cava. Agitated saline helps diagnose

A

Coronary sinus atrial septal defect

22
Q

Located on the interatrial septum. Near the fossa ovalis. Associated with mitral prolapse.

A

Ostium secundum atrial septal defect

23
Q

The narrowing of the descending aorta

A

Coarctation of Aorta

24
Q

ASD present. Pulmonary veins empty into the incorrect places, like the RA or pulmonary chamber.

A

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVD)

25
Q

VSD <.5cm referred to as restrictive

A

Small VSD

26
Q

Associated with a cleft MV and/or Down’s syndrome.

A

Ostium primum atrial septal defect

27
Q

Excessive resorption of septum primum, thus creating hole/defect

A

Ostium secundum atrial septal defect

28
Q

Incomplete resorption of the sinus venosus. Results in a defect posterior to the fossa ovalis

A

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect

29
Q

Treated with an Amplatzer device or surgical patch

A

Atrial septal defects

30
Q

First causes left sided volume overload, then leads to right sided volume overload

A

Ventricular septal defects

31
Q

When would the RCC be pulled through a shunt?

A

Outlet VSD

32
Q

Most common VSD

A

Membranous VSD

33
Q

Associated with a delay in closure of the interventricular septum beyond the first 7 weeks of fetal life

A

VSD

34
Q

What is Eisenmenger’s?

A

When the chambers pressures equalize. Bad sign and requires heart transplant.

35
Q

Associated with a flaw in the development of the endocardial cushions.

A

Atrioventricular septal defect (AV Canal)

36
Q

What defects will use pulmonary artery banding for treatment?

A

AV Canal and Truncus Arteriosus

37
Q

What treatment is most likely used in a patent ductus arteriosus defect?

A

Transcatheter closure

38
Q

Associated with decreased blood flow thru the aortic arch in fetal circulation

A

Coarctation of aorta

39
Q

Associated with the primitive heart tube looping to the left instead of the right.

A

L-Loop, L-TGA

40
Q

Most common cyanotic lesion?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

41
Q

Associated with the underdevelopment of the infundibulum with secondary associated cardiac abnormalities. Abnormal separation of Truncus Arteriosus

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

42
Q

Treated with Blalock-Taussig shunt

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

43
Q

Associated with the the 3rd-4th week of fetal life and lack of twisting of the truncus arteriosus

A

Truncus Arteriosus

44
Q

Treatment includes anastomosis of the common pulmonary vein to the LA, Blalock-Hanlon, oxygen, and treatment of CHF

A

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return

45
Q

Associated with incorrect division of the truncus arteriosus

A

Complete transposition of the great vessels

46
Q

Treated with creation of ASD, keep open the PDA, and Jatene repair

A

Complete transposition of great vessels

47
Q

What is Blalock-Hanlon?

A

Creation of ASD

48
Q

What is Blalock-Taussig?

A

Attachment of the right subclavian artery to the right pulmonary artery

49
Q

What is Jatene procedure?

A

D-transposition of the great arteries

50
Q

What is Mustard/Senning procedure?

A

Redirecting pulmonary venous return from the RA

Embryology (4 decks)

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