Congenital anomalies of the cervix Flashcards
Cervical development
paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts
sixth week of development
2 mullerian ducts give rise to
uterine corpus, cervix, and upper vagina
Müllerian duct anomalies result from (4 etiologies)
nondevelopment
defective lateral
defective vertical
resorption failure
Most common type of mullerian fusion defect
lateral fusion defect–resulting organs may be symmetrical, asymmetrical; obstructed or unobstructed.
:Uterine septum; partial or complete
Vertical fusion
fusion of mullerian ducts with the urogenital sinus
What type of failure is characterized by a double cervix
longitudinal vaginal septum–lack of fusion
Single hemicervix or septate cervix composed of single muscular septum that can be an extension of a lower uterine segment or vaginal septum
Resorption failure
20-30% of women with mullerian duct abnormalities also have
urinary tract abnormalities.–image urinary tract if gyn abnormalities found.
Sex characteristics of women with mullerian duct abnormalities
Normal ovaries and normal secondary sex characteristics.
Rare–absent uterine cervix with a normal uterine corpus and vagina
:failure of mullerian duct canalization or abnormal epithelial proliferation after canalization
Cervical agenesis
absence of the cervix combined with absence of the uterine corpus and upper vagina
müllerian agenesis or Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome
1:4000 births
Cervical agenesis with normal functioning uterine corpus must be differentiated from
mullerian agenesis.
cervical agenesis leads to retrograde flow–endometriosis
Nonsurgical and surgical treatments to lengthen or create a vagina
vaginal dilators
McIndoe technique–neovagina
Vecchietti operation–laparoscopy
Colonovaginoplasty
Incomplete mullerian fusion
Duplication of reproductive structures.
