Congenital Anomalies of Brain

Question 1

Anencephaly

Answer 1

Failure of closure of anterior neuropore
brain will not form
meninges & skull may be absent
defect from lamina terminalis (site which demarcates anterior neuropore closure) to foramen magnum
absence of cranial vault: no cerebral hemispheres

Question 2

lamina terminalis

Answer 2

(site which demarcates anterior neuropore closure)

Question 3

CSF is produced where:

Answer 3

lateral ventricles
roots of 3rd ventricle
4th ventricle at choroid plexus

Question 4

foramen of magenti

Answer 4

single, midline communicating between ventricular system & subarachnoid space (located roof of 4th ventricle)

Question 5

foramen of luschka

Answer 5

paired, lateral to 4th ventricle

Question 6

CSF path

Answer 6

percolates through subarachnoid space and reabsorbed into superior sagittal sinus through arachnoid villi

Question 7

Obstructive Noncommuicating Hydrocephalus

Answer 7

involves stenosis/occlusion of cerebral aqueduct
blockage between 3rd and 4th ventricles
physical obstruction of CSF flow

Question 8

Nonobstructive Communicating Hydrocephalus

Answer 8

problem with CSF reabsorption through arachnoid villi

Question 9

Encephalocele Meningocele

Answer 9

meninges & CSF herniate

Question 10

Encephalocele Meningoencephalocele

Answer 10

meninges, CSF, part of brain herniate

Question 11

Encephalocele Meningohydroencephalocele

Answer 11

meninges, CSF, brain, and part of ventricular system

Question 12

Where does encephalocele most often occur?

Answer 12

occipital region

Question 13

Prosencephalization

Answer 13

divides into telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 14

Alobar Brain

Answer 14

occurs if telencephalon doesnt divide into 2 cerebral hemispheres

Question 15

Semilobar Brain

Answer 15

occurs when you start to get division of telencephalon, but it does not make it to completion

Question 16

Holoprosencephaly

Answer 16

refers to failure of division of proscencephalon

Question 17

Craniosynostosis

Answer 17

premature closure of skull sutures

Question 18

Scaphocephaly

Answer 18

sagittal suture, boat skull

elongated head, protrusion of forehead, narrowing of temples

Question 19

Plagiocephaly

Answer 19

premature closure of ONE SIDE of coronal suture; 2 kinds

Question 20

Coronal Plagiocephaly

Answer 20

coronal suture on the side of head is closed

flattened forehead, elevation of eye socket on affected side, slanted skull

Question 21

Lamboidal Plagiocephaly

Answer 21

early closure of lamboid suture
mild flattening of back of head on involved side
anterior displacement of ipsilateral auricle

Question 22

Turricephaly

Answer 22

Tower-Head/Cone-Head
bilateral coronal or lamboidal sutures closed prematurely
compensatory increased temporal width

Question 23

Trigonocephaly

Answer 23

triangular skull
premature closure of frontal metopic suture
pointed forehead, hypotelorism (closely set eyes), protrusion of back of skull