Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CHT Exam > Congenital Anomalies/Amputations/Prosthetics > Flashcards

Congenital Anomalies/Amputations/Prosthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A

genetic disorder characterized by bones that break easily, often with little or no apparent cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Osteochonridtis dessicans

A

localized fragmentation of bone and overlying cartilage of the capitellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

A

genetic or hereditary condition which is characterized by congenital joint contractures. it is actually a number of conditions which describe varying degrees of joint contractures, absent or hypoplastic muscles, and possible internal organ involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Clinodactyly

A

finger is bent in a coronal/radioulnar plane and most often affects DIPJ due to middle phalanx hypoplasia. no intervention needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

camptodactyly

A

finger bent in sagittal or flexion/extension plane and most offen at PIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Congenital Deformities that fall under “Failure of formation (arrest of development” classification

A

Transverse deficiencies
Phocomelia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Congenital Deformities that fall under “Failure of differentiation (separation)” classification

A

Thumb-clutched hand
Kirner’s deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Congenital Deformities that fall under “Duplication” classification

A

Polydactyly
Triphalangism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Congenital Deformities that fall under “Overgrowth” classification

A

Gigantism
Macrodactyly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Congenital Deformities that fall under “Undergrowth” classification

A

Brachydactyly
Hypoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Congenital Deformities that fall under “Congenital Constriction band syndrome” classification

A

compression neuropathy
acrosyndactyly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Congenital Deformities that fall under “Generalized skeletal abnormalities” classification

A

Madelung’s deformity
Maffucci’s syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Syndactyly

A

webbed fingers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are Swanson’s classifications of congenital hand anomalies?

A
  1. Failure of formation
  2. Failure of differentiation (separation)
  3. dupication
  4. overgrowth
  5. undergrowth
  6. congenital constriction band syndrome
  7. generalized skeletal abnormalities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

pediatric metabolic conditions associated with hypoplasia of the radius

A

thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome (TAR)
Fanconi’s syndrome
VACTERL syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Madelung’s deformity

A

genetic disorder
limited development of distal radius
more common in females
shortening of the radius at the wrist, resulting in ulna longer than radius
wrist may appear sublimed with prominent ulnar head
limited bilateral wrist extension and forearm supination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Kirner’s deformity

A

palmar and radial curving of the distal phalanx
not considered congenital anomaly alone b/c not observed until 12 yrs of age
more common in females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When is a child ready for a fitting of an UE prosthesis?

A

most appropriate time for fitting a first prostheseis on a congenital unilateral amputee is between 3-9 months, or at about 6 months, when the child is achieving sitting balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are appropriate goals in an advanced prosthetic training program?

A
  1. using the prosthesis for both basic and advanced daily tasks
  2. to demontrate a natural motor pattern using the prosthesis efficiently
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

in an above-elbow amputation, what % of the total functional task can the prosthesis be expected to perform?

A

in an above-elbow amputation, the sound limb is used to perform fine more prehension activities and the prosthetic terminal device (TD) is most useful for gross prehension activities and performing the stabilization aspect of a task. It is unreasonable to expect the prosthesis to assume more than 30% of the total function of a task in Bilateral UE activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the most commonly used body-powered terminal device (TD)?

A

The Hosmer-Dorrance voluntary opening hook
“voluntary opening” means patient uses their own body power to pull on the cable and open the TD; the spring automatically closes the device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how does a “volunary closing” terminal device work?

A

uses the pulling action on the cable to close the TD. Allows for greater pinch stretch and graded prehension, but is more expensive and more prone to break down over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

in pediatric prosthetic program participation, how frequently should re-assessment be performed?

A

every 3-4 months secondary to residual limb growth and possible changes due to additional surgical interventions and/or decreased skin integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are goals for pre-prosthetic training?

A

addressing residual limb shrinkage and shapng
maintaining or increasing ROM, increasing muscle strength and flexibility, participating in myotesting, desensitization of residual limb, proper hygiene, increasing self-reliance, maximizing independence, orienting to prosthetic options, changing dominance training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what’s a myotester?

A

useful in assessing signal strength of potential muscle groups for a myoelectric prosthesis. It assists in determining the ideal location for electrode placement. Visual feedback is provided with a meter or a light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what’s the advantage of a canted hook vs a mechanical hand?

A

canted hooks are designed to be rotated laterally for a side approachto the object, maximizing pt opportunity for visual feedback during prehension attempts. Prothetic hands usually block line of sight, making them less functional

27
Q

what is the most common cause of limb deficiency?

A

vascular disruption (i.e. amniotic band related)

28
Q

what is a hypoplastic thumb?

A

a digit that appears incomplete in typical development
ranges from minimal shortenng to complete absence of the thumb

29
Q

what is VACTERL syndrome?

A

a non-randome association of birth defects affecting multiple systems of the body
V-Vertebral
A - Anal atresia
C - cardiac defects
T -Tracheal anomalies including tracheoesophageal (TE fistula
E - Esophageal atresia
R - Renal and Radial sided hand and forearm deficiencies and
L - other limb abnormalities

30
Q

Cleft hand deformity

A

AKA “split hand” or Ectrodactyly
absence of digits or metacarpals within the central portion of the hand

31
Q

Acrosyndactyly

A

a form of constriction band syndrome in which the fingers were once completely separated, but then a band formed around the fingers during embryonic development resulting in re-fusion of adjacent digits

32
Q

Symbrachydactyly

A

largest group of anomalies associated with shortened fingers
the UE may be foreshortened and somewhat smaller than the opposite side, but the fingers are the most severely affected. Can be all of the digits or only the thumb

33
Q

Transverse amelia

A

forequarter amputation
all or majority of UE is missing from the shoulder and distally

34
Q

Transverse hemimelia

A

below-elbow amputation
all or majority of UE is missing from the elbow and distally

35
Q

Longitudinal amelia

A

partial amputation
one forearm bone is missing; digits may or may not have formed

36
Q

Phocomelia

A

bones missing in upper or lower arm; total or part of hand remains intact

37
Q

preaxial deficiencies

A

thumb-sided abnormalities

38
Q

postaxial deficiencies

A

ulnar sided abnormalities

39
Q

what parameter yields the best predictive value for shoulder dysplasia in the child with obstetric brachial plexus birth palsy (OBPBP)?

A

deficits of passive shoulder external rotation at 3 months

40
Q

what is the mechanical finger ring (MFR)?

A

a fully articulating bio-mechanical prosthetic finger appropriate for 24/7 use
high-impact plastic that is non-irritating and does not conduct heat, cold, or electricity
mimics bio-mechanical movement of the finger, allowing gripping, holding, throwing, etc.

41
Q

in pediatric obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI), which muscle is used and an indicator of prognosis and as a guide for intervention?

A

biceps

42
Q

what are the 6 different prehension patterns used by the physiologic hand?

A
  1. palmar (aka three-jaw chuck)
  2. hook
  3. cylindrical
  4. lateral
  5. tip
  6. spherical
43
Q

what’s the most common prehension pattern used by prosthetic hands?

A

palmar (aka three-jaw chuck)

44
Q

when is the “golden period” for prosthetic fitting

A

within the first 30 days of amputation

45
Q

Immediate Post-Operative Prosthesis (IPOP)

A

an orthosis fabricated in the operating room or shortly thereafter

46
Q

what motion is used to power a voluntary opening hook TD for a below-elbow (transracial) amputation?

A

humeral flexion

47
Q

What is an active hybrid prosthesis?

A

combines body-powered control with myoelectric/external control
can be externally powered elbow and body-powered TD, or a body-powered elbow and externally powered TD

48
Q

when using a transradial prosthesis, what body motion is used to perform activities at the midline and glenohumeral flexion?

A

biscapular abduction

brings the prosthesis close to the body. Biscapular abduction paired with and/or followed by GH flexion is beneficial for activities that require the prosthesis to work away from the body such as functional reaching tasks

49
Q

for an above elbow prosthesis, what motions are used to lock and/or unlock the mechanical elbow device?

A

shoulder depression, shoulder extension, and shoulder abduction of the involved UE

50
Q

in a patient with bilateral transhumeral amputation, which TD is best?

A

canted hook on the dominant side and lyre-shaped symmetric hook on non-dominant side
canted hook is better for fine prehension and offers better line of sight
lyre shape offers cylindrical prehension
wrist flexion devices are a necessity for participation in activities at midline, including eating, toileting, dressing

51
Q

What is the best design for a transradial below-elbow myoelectric/external power prosthesis

A

self-suspension socket design, which eliminates any body harnessing

52
Q

how far should a patient with a below-elbow amputation be able to open the TD with the elbow in full flexion and full extension?

A

70-100% of available TD opening

53
Q

how far should a patient with an above-elbow transhumeral amputation be able to open the TD with the elbow in full flexion or full extension?

A

at least 50% of max available TD opening

max TD opening is at 90deg of elbow flexion

54
Q

what are the different types of control systems for myoelectric devices?

A

two-state/two muscle: use contraction of one muscle to activate a motor in one direction and second (preferably antagonistic) muscle to operate a motor in another direction

two-state/two-muscle proportional: the speed or the prehensile force is varied with the intensity of the electromyographic signal

one-state/two-function: when controlling a prosthesis w/ only one muscle site is necessary. Rate-sensitive and level/amplitude-sensity systems exist where either a fast/slow contraction or a hard/gentle contraction determines the direction of movement

55
Q

what are the deformations associated with apert hand?

A
  1. Spade hand - MOST COMMON
  2. Mitten hand
  3. Hoof hand
56
Q

Spade hand

A

most common and least severe of apert hand deformation
thumb is visible and separate
IF, MF, and RF fused with osseous unions and form a FLAT palm
Synonychia (fusion of 2 more more nails) may be present
fingers are normal length

57
Q

Mitten Hand

A

sometimes called spoon hand
more serious deformation
thumb separate, but not always easily seen b/c can be fused to the IF, revealing only a distal phalanx
IF, MF, RF, and SF syndactylized by osseous unions into a CONCAVE palm

58
Q

Hoof Hand

A

aka Rosebud hand
rare and the most serious apert hand deformation
all digits have a solid osseous or cartilaginous fusion
fingers have one conjoined nail
no thumb

59
Q

Maffucci’s syndrome

A

symptoms include enchondromas, bone deformities, as well sa dark irregular shaped hemangiomas and lesions begin to appear early in childhood

60
Q

Sign/symptoms of spastic cerebral palsy

A

hypertonic muscles that lead to joint contractures
hypertonic wrist flexors and thumb adductor muscles typically seen

61
Q

Radial club hand

A

aka radial dysplasia
failure of formation on radial side of UE
most common type is complete absence of the radius, forcing wrist into and angled position, which further shortens the limb

62
Q

brachydatyly

A

shortening of the fingers

63
Q

Exostosis

A

formation of new bone on the surface of a bone

64
Q

what are the 3 forms of polydactyly?

A
  1. Preaxial polydactyly (radial) = thumb duplication
  2. Postaxial polydactyly (ulnar) = small finger duplication, MOST COMMON
  3. central polydactyly = a central digit is duplicated

CHT Exam (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions