Congenital abnormalities Flashcards
List four risk factors for congenital anomalies
Genetics
Heredity
Maternal infection
Alcohol or other drug use during pregnancy
Define Congenital Anomalies
Defects that occur during fetal development (usually within the first trimester)
List five common congenital anomalies
Choanal atresia
Cleft lip
Cleft palate
Diaphragmatic hernia
Pierre Robin syndrome
What is choanal atresia?
A bony or membranous occlusion that blocks the passegeway between the nose and pharynx
What can choanal atresia result in, in the neonate?
Can result in serious ventilation problems
What is cleft lip?
One or more fissures that originate in the embryo
A vertical, usually off-center split in the upper lip that may extend up to the nose
What is cleft palate?
A fissure in the roof of the mouth that runs along its midline
May extend through both the hard and soft palates into the nasal caivities
What is diaphragmatic hernia?
Protrusion of a part of the stomach through an opening in the diaphragm
What is the pathopysiology of diaphragmatic hernia?
Abdominal contents are displaced into the thorax
Heart may be displaced
List five assessment findings associated with diaphragmatic hernia
Little to severe distress
May have cyanosis unresponsive to ventilations
Scaphoid (flat) abdomen
Bowel sounds heard in the chest
Heart sounds displaced to right
What are the management considerations for diaphragmatic hernia?
Ensure adequate oxygen
Place an orogastric tube and apply low, intermittent suction
Endotracheal intubation may be necessary
Monitor heart rate continuously
Surgical repair required
Identify facility to handle high-risk newborn
What is Pierre Robin syndrome?
A complex of anomalies including
A small mandible
Cleft lip
Cleft palate
Other craniofacial abnormalities
Defects of the eyes and ears
