Confusion

Question 1

what is cognition ?

Answer 1

sequencing
planning
problem solving
speech

Question 2

what are two causes of cognition impairment ?

Answer 2

delirium

dementia

Question 3

what are the key features of delirium?

Answer 3

disturbed consciousness
change in cognition
acute onset and fluctuant

Question 4

what is the commonest complication of hospitalisation?

Answer 4

delirium

Question 5

what % of all in patients get delirium?

Answer 5

20-30%

Question 6

what are some risk factors for delirium?

Answer 6

infection 
dehydration 
biochemical disturbance 
pain
medication 
hypoxia 
sleep disturbance

Question 7

what two types of drugs should be stopped for delirium management ?

Answer 7

anticholinergics

sedatives

Question 8

what are the risk factors of alzheimers?

Answer 8

age
vascular risk factors
genetics

Question 9

how is the deterioration described of vascular dementia ?

Answer 9

step wise deterioration

Question 10

state some vascular risk factors ?

Answer 10

Type II DM, AF, IHD (ischaemic heart disease), PVD

Question 11

describe dementia with lewy bodies ?

Answer 11

link with parkinsons (2/3rds will have movement problems)
hallucinations
falls common

Question 12

does fronto-temporal dementia have a early or late onset?

Answer 12

early onset

Question 13

state two tests to diagnose dementia?

Answer 13

montreal test

mini mental state exam

Question 14

what two drugs are mostly used in dementia?

Answer 14

cholinesterase inhibitors

anti-psychotics

Question 15

what are reversible causes of dementia?

Answer 15

hypothyroidism 
intracranial bleeds 
B12 deficiency 
hypercalcaemia 
normal pressure hydrocephalus