Confusion

Question 1

define delirium

Answer 1

an acute impairment of consciousness producing a generalised cognitive impairment, and is also known as acute confusional state

Question 2

main distinguishing factor between delirium and dementia?

Answer 2

dementia=no impairment of consciousness

Question 3

what syndromes can cause a pt to ‘appear’ confused?

Answer 3

delirium
dementia
psychosis
receptive dysphasia e.g. due to damage to wernicke’s area
expressive dysphasia e.g. due to damage to broca’s area
mental impairment-permanent impairment in cognitive ability

Question 4

cause of ‘cherry red’ lips?

Answer 4

CO poisoning

Question 5

common causes of post operative confusion?

Answer 5

hypoxia-anaemia from significant b.loss, massive PE compromising gas exchange, basal atelectasis, opioid induced depressed RR
opioid induced reduced consciousness
electrolyte derangement-IV fluids, AKI from inadequate renal perfusion
sleep loss
infection

Question 6

management of hypovolaemic hyponatraemia?

Answer 6

SLOW infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride

infuse to quickly-risk of central pontine myelinolysis and death, so ensure frequent serum sodium measurements.