confucianism

Question 1

early chinese religion 4

Answer 1

• developed in isolation
• animistic backgrounds
• tien
• the tao

Question 2

early chinese religion animistic backgrounds 3

Answer 2

• localized nature spirits
• divination and oracle bones
• balance of nature

Question 3

dragon in early chinese religion

Answer 3

represents river, gives life and blessing

Question 4

divination and oracle bones

Answer 4

bones from animals written on and shaken in a bag, then poured out, what and where symbols land has meaning

Question 5

balance of nature

Answer 5

• I ching (symbol made up of yin an yang)
• represents life, combo of hard and soft, passive and active, etc

Question 6

yin

Answer 6

• dark
• weak
• feminine
• death
• autumn
• recessive
• soft
• symbol of tiger

Question 7

yang

Answer 7

• light
• make
• strong
• day
• life
• spring
• assertive
• active
• rough
• symbol of dragon

Question 8

tien 4

Answer 8

• the will of heaven
• kind to humans
• high up creator diety, moderator of the universe
• ancestors intercessors to tien

Question 9

tao 2

Answer 9

• the universe, a unity
• the way of the future

Question 10

2-fold development

Answer 10

chia and chiao

Question 11

chia 2

Answer 11

• leads to jen
• philosophy, belief, academic, schools of thought, intelligence

Question 12

chiao 2

Answer 12

• leads to li
• cultic devotion, action, practice, ritual, liturgy, meditation

Question 13

confucious life 4

Answer 13

• focused on chinese classics, wanted to go back to early and golden era for harmony of china
• grew up in relative poverty
• taught sons of nobility to train young men to join nobility
• passed his philosophy onto them

Question 14

confucious after death 2

Answer 14

• made a god for a period
• his ideas spread after death

Question 15

confucious books 3

Answer 15

• wrote by his pupil
• analects
• book of changes (i ching)

Question 16

later masters 2

Answer 16

• mencius
• hsun-tzu

Question 17

mencius 3

Answer 17

• people can become like tien and become perfect
• people are naturally good, forced to become bad through external means
• goal of perfect humanity

Question 18

hsun-tzu

Answer 18

tien is the universe itself in harmony

Question 19

main beliefs 5

Answer 19

• optimistic humanism
• seeking social harmony
• creation of an ordered society
• focus on present growth achievement
• life cycles: season of humanity

Question 20

optimistic humanism

Answer 20

look to past and tradition for inspiration, trying to emulate goodness of prior generations

Question 21

seeking social harmony

Answer 21

• returning to harmony of older times achieved only by following a strict code of conduct based on high ideals

Question 22

creation of an ordered society
4

Answer 22

• respect for authority
• seek good of others
• build and support a strong central govt
• practice ritual etiquette behaviours to reinforce hierchy and universal order

Question 23

focus on personal growth and achievement 2

Answer 23

• focus on present through being in touch with past
• why worry about death when you don’t know how to live right now

Question 24

life cycles/seasons of humanity 4

Answer 24

• death not to be feared
• one’s life and wisdom carried on by next generation
• spirit always present
• not aiming for heaven or unity with tien

Question 25

li 4

Answer 25

- external - correct ritual action - correct manner of overt social behaviours, which reflects internal intentions - don't wait to be motivated, just do what is right

Question 26

5 relationships purpose

Answer 26

create ideal society

Question 27

the 5 relationships

Answer 27

- father son - older younger sibling - husband wife - elder junior - ruler sobject

Question 28

father son 2

Answer 28

- parent treats child with kindness - child treats parents with hsaio (filial piety)

Question 29

hsaio 2

Answer 29

- respectful and obedient to parents - live as parents did, even after parents death

Question 30

older younger sibling 2

Answer 30

- older treats younger gently - younger must respond with humility

Question 31

husband wife 2

Answer 31

- husband to be righteous - wife to be obedient

Question 32

elder junior 2

Answer 32

- elder to be considerate - jr to show deference (put elders first)

Question 33

ruler subject 2

Answer 33

- ruler must be benevolent (anticipate needs and provide in advance) - subject is loyal (even to go to war)

Question 34

jen/ren 6

Answer 34

- internal - perfect humanity - social goodwill, love, kindness, virtue that represents finest of human qualities - to be at one with others - chun-tzu - confucious golden rule - don't do to others what you don't want done to you

Question 35

chun-tzu 6

Answer 35

- the perfect human - observes official and ancestral rites - honour parents - fulfills ethical obligations - works for good of society - aim for righteousness over what people think