Conformity And Obidence Flashcards
What are the 3 types of conformity?
Compliance
Identification
Internalisation
Who proposed the 3 types of conformity?
Kelman in 1958
What is compliance?
A change in our public behaviour resulting from real or imagined group pressure.
What is an example of compliance?
You hate smoking but you smoke with freinds as you feel you’d be ridiculed or excluded if you did not.
What is identification?
Identification occurs because we wish to be identified with another person that is liked or admired.
They begin to believe in their opinions and values and adopt these to be like them but these opinions and values are not strongly held.
What types of conformity do not change privately held beliefs long term?
Compliance
Identification
What is an example of identification?
Your freinds are vegetarian so you become one too but when you’re not with them you eat meat and when you leave school you go back to eating meat full time
What is internationalisation also known as?
Acceptance
What is internationalisation?
When there is a change in behaviour and a private change in opinion.
The individual goes along with group pressure because they believe others to be right and therefore act in accordance with this belief.
Internalisation is a permanent and deeply rooted response to social influence.
What is an example of internationalsiation?
Your freind introduces you to the labour party, you have never been into politics but you decide to support them - this then continues throughout life regardless of who you surround yourself with
What year was jeaness’s study?
1932
What was Jeaness’s study?
Beans in a bottle.
What factors affect conformity?
Normative influence Informational influence Individual factors (e.g gender) Situational factors (e.g. group size) Cultural factors (e.g. collectivist and individualistic cultures)
What factors affect obedience?
Perceived legitimate authority
Socialisation
Authoritarian parenting
Autonomous and agentic levels of behaviour
Situational factors: proximity, location, wearing a uniform
What is social psychology?
Social psychology is the study of social behaviour, which occurs when two or more members of the same species interact.
Social psychology is concerned with how people influence with how people influence each other’s behaviour (social influence) as well as how our thoughts influence our social behaviour (social cognition).
What is conformity?
Conformity can be defined as social pressure to change our behaviour or beliefs, in order to come into line with others in a group.
Where does pressure to conform come to?
Our peers
What year was Sherif’s study?
1935
Describe sherif (1935)
Sherif (1935) used the auto kinetic effect (an illusion where a point of light appears to move in a dark room).
When alone there was a wide variation in people’s estimates of how far the light had travelled buff I’d the estimates were in a group of three, a group norm emerged.
What is social influence?
How the thoughts and behaviour of individual s are influenced by the actual or imagined presence of others.
Conformity and Obedience are just two types of social influence.
What were the two explanations proposed for why we conform by Deutsch and Gerard (1955)?
Normative social influence
Informational social influence
What is normative social influence?
This is when a person is not in doubt but is influenced by social norms.
This is based on a need to be liked and accepted by others.
NSI was a major factor in Asch’s study.
NSI tends to lead to compliance.
What does NSI stands for?
Normative Social Influence
What is informational social influence?
This is when uncertainty leads to a person adopting the behaviour of others - we conform because we want to br right.
The sherif and Jenness studies are examples of ISI.
ISI tends to lead to internalisation.
What can the factors of conformity be divided into two types?
Situational factors
Individual factors
What are some situational factors that impact conformity?
Group size An ally Secrecy of response Uncertainty of the situation Ambiguity of the situation level of difficulty of the task Size of the majority
What did Asch (1955) find out about conformity and group size?
Asch (1955) conducted several versions of the line experiment with different numbers of confederates.
They found that up to a point as a groups size increased, so did levels of conformity.
1 confederate - very little conformity
2 - 12% conformity
3 - 30% conformity
Any more made very little difference
How does having an Ally impact conformity?
Asch found that having an ally reduced conformity. I.e. when the majority are not unanimous
How does secrecy of response impact conformity?
Asch also found reduced conformity when the participant wrote the answer down privately
What individual factors impact conformity?
Personality Culture Gender Level of Education Self-esteem
What is conformity?
Conformity is when someone changes their behaviour or beliefs in order to fit in with a group, in response to social pressure.
What are the three types of conformity?
Compliance
Identification
Internalisation
What was the Aim of Mori & Arai’s 2010 study?
This study aimed to replicate Asch’s 1951 study without the use of confederates and have both male and female participants.
Who were the participants of Mori
- 104 Japanese Students
- Placed in groups of 4
- Both male & female participants
- More than double Asch’s 50 participants
