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Soc Exam 2 > CONFORMITY > Flashcards

CONFORMITY Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the difference between informational social influence and normative social influence?

A

Informational Social Influence is The influence of other people that leads us to conform because we see them as a source of information to guide our behavior

Normative Social Influence occurs because we conform to a group’s social norms to be liked and accepted

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2
Q

What type of influences affect Heaven’s gates followers?

A

situational social influences

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3
Q

When we watch what someone does to help us determine what to do, what type of social influence are we depending on?

A

Informational social influence

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4
Q

What is the difference between private acceptance and public compliance?

A

Private acceptance changes our beliefs AND behavior; public only changes our behavior.

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5
Q

What is the social norms method to combat binge drinking?

A

Admins gave accurate information about just how much people really drank and because it was lower than what people initially though, it was more likely privately accepted and resulted in change of behavior.

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6
Q

T or F: The more important a task, the less likely we are to succumb to informational social influence.

A

FALSE, we’re MORE likely to succumb to informational social influence because we’re less likely to trust ourselves.

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7
Q

What are the 3 circumstances that people conform to informational social influence?

A
  1. When a situation is ambiguous (My Lai situation)
  2. In a crisis or emergency (goes hand with ambiguity)
  3. When other people appear to be experts (looking to flight attendant during turbulence)
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8
Q

Why do we usually conform?

What does this result in?

A

So we don’t stand out and to be accepted and liked.

This results in public compliance (not believing in private)

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9
Q

What was the result of Asch’s Conformity Experiment?

A

This was a normative social influence situation.

76% conformed at least one, and they indicated that they didn’t want to be different or appear foolish; no social disapproval even with strangers

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10
Q

What are 2 factors that Decrease conformity?

A
  1. If even one person goes against the group, conformity drops by 80%.
  2. Answering in private.
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11
Q

What are the FACTORS that increase Conformity?

A
  1. Conformity increases when group size increases (3 or more people [32% more conformity])
  2. Status of Majority
    +More influential (more along lines of Informational social influence as expert)
    Having dinner with the boss and drinking what they’re drinking
  3. Difficulty of task or Ambiguity
    +When the lines were closer in size, the more likely participants were to conform
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12
Q

T or F: Most people are willing to support someone who will not conform to the group.

A

False - generally they are rejected and pushed out.

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13
Q

T or F: A heavy body is attractive when food supply is unreliable.

A

True

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14
Q

What type of social influence do we rely on to define attractiveness?

A

Informational social influence

Normative social influences explain women’s attempts to create body image (such as thinness and curviness throughout the decades)

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15
Q

What did Latane’s Social Impact Theory suggest about the likelihood of conforming to normative social influence?

A
  1. Strength - How important is the person or people in the group to me? (I would most likely conform with Dennis than some rando)

+Consequence: policy decisions; cohesive group makes policy decisions and they end up caring more about pleasing each other rather than making best decision (Iraq war – the normative influence was due to the people)

  1. Immediacy - How physically close are the people who attempt to influence us? (Physical proximity)
  2. Number of people in the group (3 or more; same level of conformity)
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16
Q

What percentage of people continued with the max volts (450) in Milgram’s studies?

A

62.5%

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17
Q

How many teachers continued with the experiment even after the learned cried out?

A

80%

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18
Q

What were the factors that played a role in influencing people in Milgram’s study?

A

Self-justication: justifying immoral behavior; the small increments justified the following shocks.

Loss of personal responsibility: “doing my job and following orders”

Cognitive Dissonance: each rationalization of dissonance provided basis to escalade the shock and self-jsutify

Dehumanization

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19
Q

What happened when experimenters allowed people to choose their own level of shock?

A

Only 2 1/2% of people gave max shock

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20
Q

Why do we base our actions on informational social influence?

A

We think other people are more accurate than us

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21
Q

What type of acceptance does informational social influence lead to?

A

private acceptance - people conform to the behavior of others because they genuinely believe others are right

22
Q

What did Sharif’s autokinetic light experiment indicate?

A

That participants had privately accepted the estimate that the group came up with individually.

23
Q

What is Mass Psychogenic Illness?

A

When a group of people have similar physical symptoms with no known physical cause.

24
Q

Which social influence mostly results in public compliance?

A

Normative social influence - ppl don’t necessarily believe the stuff they do

25
Q

What type of social influence was the people of Asch’s study affected by?

A

Normative social influence (they knew the line was right but went along with it as to not rock the boat, also it was NOT ambiguous)

26
Q

What does brain imagine research indicate about why people are affected by normative social influences?

A

Amygdala and the caudate nucleus, areas that modulate social behavior, indicated that ppl feel negative emotions when going against the group.

27
Q

Whereas ________ may be the mechanism by
which women learn what kind of body type is considered
attractive, ________ explains their attempts to
obtain such a shape through dieting and other means.

A

Whereas INFORMATIONAL SOCIAL INFLUENCE may be the mechanism by
which women learn what kind of body type is considered
attractive, NORMATIVE SOCIAL INFLUENCE explains their attempts to
obtain such a shape through dieting and other means.

28
Q

T or F: According to Latane, as the size of a group increases, each additional person has more of an influencing effect.

A

False

29
Q

What is one caveat of caring so much about what others think about us according to the Social Impact theory?

A

That we value group cohesiveness more than the arriving at the best decision

30
Q

What is idiosyncrasy credit?

A

When a friend is allowed times to be the deviant of the group because of their past conformity.

They have added conformity to the bank and can withdraw non-conformity a few times.

31
Q

Why do collectivistic cultures value normative social influence?

A

because they believe it promotes relationships in the group

32
Q

How does someone with Minority Influence affect the beliefs of the Majority?

A

If they express a consistent, unwavering view with another minority through Informational social influence first (introducing new ideas)

33
Q

What is the difference between Injunctive norms and Descriptive norms (social norms)?

A

Injunctive norms have to with what we thINk other people will approve or disapprove of. Rewards are given for normative and punishments for nonnormative behavior (donating blood good; littering bad)

Descriptive norms concerns our own perception of the way people behave whether the behavior is approved or disapproved by others.

34
Q

Which of the following is Injunctive and Descriptive:

For example, while we all know that
littering is wrong (an ________ norm), we also all know that there are times and
situations when people are likely to do it (a _______ norm)

A

For example, while we all know that
littering is wrong (an injunctive norm), we also all know that there are times and
situations when people are likely to do it (a descriptive norm)

35
Q

Which social norm is more powerful in producing desirable behaviors in people, descriptive or injunctive?

A

Injunctive - we conform when reminded of other people’s behaviors and the thought of their approval or disapproval

36
Q

How many percent of Yale students thought would actually proceed to 450 volts in Milgram’s study?

A

They believed that only 1% of people would continue to this extreme

37
Q

How does normative and informational social influence play into Milgram’s experiment?

A

MILGRAM – A study of conformity.
Normative social influence of wanting to not disappoint or anger the experimenter made the participants continue.
Informational social influence because they looked at the expert during an ambiguous and crisis situation.

38
Q

What is the major point of what the participants did in Milgrams study?

A

They conformed to the wrong norm - they obeyed authority instead of inflicting harm on fellow human.

39
Q

Why was it difficult for the participants in Milgram’s study to abandon the “obey authority” norm?

A
  1. Fast-paced study
  2. Self- Justification due to the increments (each shock was justifying the next)
  3. Loss of Personal Responsibility
40
Q

Describe the difference between social facilitation and social loafing

A

Social Facilitation (Individual): +Individual efforts can be evaluated
+Alertness, Evaluation Apprehension Distraction
+Arousal

Social Loafing (Group Project):
-Individual efforts can’t be evaluated
-No Evaluation Apprehension
+Relaxation

(Think of bread loaf being enhanced COMPLEX carb)

41
Q

When researchers found that men who pulled on a rope individually put in less effort than when alone, what was this an example of?

A

Social loafing

42
Q

If your efforts CAN be evaluated, what are you most likely to engage in?

A

Social facilitation

43
Q

Why does Deindividuation lead to impulsive and violent acts?

A
  1. Makes people feel more accountable (calling someone out by name will work to remind them of their individuality)
  2. It increases Obedience to Group Norms (if everyone else is dancing, you might too)
44
Q

What are instances when group interactions actually inhibit good problem solving?

A
  1. Process Loss - Competent or talented person in the group that can solve the problem is lost because of group interaction
  2. Unshared information (my message is more important than yours and I will not really listen to yours; you will not listen to mine)
45
Q

What is transactive memory?

A

When people remember specific things; I remember to put lotion on every night, Dennis remembers to pay the rent on the 1st.

46
Q

Why would someone who was bicultural and torn about their identity be more resistant to groupthink?

A

They may have to be more immune to group pressure

47
Q

What’s the difference between Transactional leaders and Transformational leaders?

A

Transaction leaders will set clear, short-term goals and reward ppl who meet them

Transformational leaders inspire followers to focus on common, long-term goals

48
Q

What is the contingency theory of leadership?

A

The theory that leadership that incorporates the leader, followers, and the situation:

task and relationship-oriented leadership

49
Q

Who will do better in a high-control, low-control, and moderate-control work situation:

task-oriented
relationship-oriented

A

task-oriented leaders: high-control and low-control situations - good relationship with subordinates & low is when relationship is no bueno.

relationship-oriented leaders are concerned with worker’s feelings and do well in situations when everything’s going well but just the workers need help (Dennis’ employees)

50
Q

True or False: According to the great person theory, certain personality traits matter for leadership styles.

A

False. It’s not about personality - more so about styles such as transactional or transformational.

51
Q

You are trying to decide whether to take a test in a lecture
hall where you will be surrounded by lots of other people
or in a room by yourself. Assuming that you have studied
for the test and know the material, you should take the test
in the because it will result in:

a. hallway, social loafing
b. hallway, social facilitation
c. classroom, social loafing
d. hallway, deindividuation
e. classroom, social facilitation

A

e. classroom, social facilitation

Soc Exam 2 (4 decks)

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