Conformity Flashcards

1
Q

What effect does increased group size have on conformity?

A

Increased group size increases the likelihood of people to conform

This is supported by studies like those conducted by Asch.

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2
Q

How does task difficulty affect conformity?

A

People are more likely to conform as task difficulty increases

This suggests that uncertainty in task performance leads to greater reliance on group consensus.

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3
Q

What is the main reason for conformity according to Asch’s studies?

A

Common agreement among the group

This emphasizes the influence of social pressure on individual decision-making.

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4
Q

Define informational social influence.

A

Agree with the opinion of the majority because they believe it to be correct

This type of influence leads to internalization of beliefs.

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5
Q

What is normative social influence?

A

Agreeing with the opinion of the majority to gain social approval and be liked

This often leads to compliance rather than true belief.

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6
Q

What is compliance in the context of conformity?

A

Outwardly going along with the group while privately disagreeing

This behavior usually lasts only as long as the group is monitoring the individual.

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7
Q

What does identification mean in the context of social behavior?

A

Acting in the same way as a group to be part of it

This can lead to adopting the group’s beliefs temporarily.

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8
Q

What is internalization in terms of conformity?

A

Taking on the majority view as correct and maintaining that view in private

This leads to a permanent change in someone’s beliefs.

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9
Q

Fill in the blank: The majority’s opinion is often believed to be _______.

A

correct

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10
Q

What is Conformity?

A

Conformity refers to the act of matching attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to group norms or expectations.

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11
Q

What was the aim of Asch’s Line Study?

A

To investigate the degree to which individuals conform to the majority who gave incorrect answers.

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12
Q

How many participants were in Asch’s Line Study?

A

Participants were tested individually with a group of 6-8 confederates.

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13
Q

What were the results of Asch’s Line Study?

A

Participants gave wrong answers 36.8% of the time, with 75% conforming at least once and 25% never giving a wrong answer.

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14
Q

What conclusion can be drawn from Asch’s Line Study?

A

Judgment can be affected by majority opinion even when the answer is obviously wrong.

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15
Q

What are the evaluation points for Asch’s Line Study?

A

Participants were deceived, there was no informed consent, and it lacks generalizability due to low external validity.

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16
Q

What was the aim of Sherif’s Auto-kinetic effect study?

A

To investigate if people are influenced by others in situations where the answer is not clear.

17
Q

What was the method used in Sherif’s study?

A

Participants were placed in a totally blacked-out room with a small spot of light and asked to estimate how far the light moved.

18
Q

What were the findings of Sherif’s study?

A

In ambiguous situations, individuals look to others for guidance, indicating informational social influence (ISI).

19
Q

What are the evaluation points for Sherif’s study?

A

High reliability, no informed consent, and low ecological validity.

20
Q

What was the aim of Zimbardo’s Prison Experiment?

A

To investigate how people conform to their social roles.

21
Q

What was the setup of Zimbardo’s Prison Experiment?

A

Participants were assigned roles as guards or prisoners in a simulated prison environment.

22
Q

What were the results of Zimbardo’s Prison Experiment?

A

Guards became abusive and tyrannical towards prisoners, leading to the study being terminated after 6 days.

23
Q

What conclusion can be drawn from Zimbardo’s Prison Experiment?

A

Both guards and prisoners behaved according to their assigned social roles.

24
Q

What are the evaluation points for Zimbardo’s study?

A

Low ecological validity, ethical issues including protection from psychological stress, deception, and lack of privacy.