Conflict & Tension

Question 1

Who were the Big Three at The Paris Peace Conference?

Answer 1

• Woodrow Wilson
• George Clemenceau
• David Lloyd George

Question 2

Which country did each of the Big Three represent and what was their role?

Answer 2

• George Clemenceau, Prime Minister of France
• Woodrow Wilson, President of the USA
• David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of Britain

Question 3

What were the aims of each of the Big Three at The Paris Peace Conference?

Answer 3

• Clemenceau, wanted to severely punish Germany after seeing France invaded twice and great loss of life in WW. He wanted to limit Germany’s military and even suggested taking them off the map of Europe. Strongly hated Germany.
• Woodrow Wilson, wanted countries to work together to solve problems and thought counties should be self determined. He wrote the Fourteen Points for Peace that he wanted to include in the Treat of Versailles. Did not hate Germany.
• David Lloyd George, wanted the best deal for Britain and to continue trading with Germany in the future. However, repayment was due for the dead British soldiers of WW1. Wanted Germany to be slightly punished.

Question 4

What where the main term of the Treaty of Versailles? (BRAT)

Answer 4

Blame
Reparations
Armed forces
Territory

Question 5

B.) Under what clause of the Treaty of Versailles was Germany forced to accept full blame for World War One?

Answer 5

The War Guilt Clause (Article 231)

Question 6

R.) How much of World War One was Germany forced to pay for in Reparations?

Answer 6

Germany was forced to pay the full cost of the war which was set at £6.6 billion in 1921.

Question 7

A.) How was Germany’s armed forces limited?

Answer 7

• Army limited to 100,000 men
• Navy limited to 6 battleships and no submarines
• The Rhineland demilitarised
• Conscription banned

Question 8

T.) What parts of Germany given away under the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 8

• All German colonies in Africa given to Britain and France
• Alsace-Lorraine given to France
• Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia created with land taken from Germany
• The Sudetenland given to Czechoslovakia

Question 9

When was the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 9

28th June 1919

Question 10

Why did Germany object to the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 10

• 10% of German land was lost
• All of its oversea colonies lost
• 12.5% of its population lost
• 16% of its coalfields lost
• Almost half of its Iron and Steel industry lost

Question 11

Why did the loss of military strength and War Guilt Clause leave Germans angry?

Answer 11

Germans felt this because no other country was forced to do this.

Question 12

What were German beliefs about reparations in the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 12

They were considered too high as it left the German economy in ruins.

Question 13

Overall, why did Germans hate the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 13

They felt it was a diktat that they had no say in. Germany wanted revenge.

Question 14

What were the reactions of the Big Three to the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 14

Wilson - Thought it was too harsh.
Clemenceau - Thought is was not harsh enough.
Lloyd George - Thought it would start another war.

Question 15

What was the role of the USA in the League of Nations?

Answer 15

The USA never joined, despite being Wilson’s idea. The US Congress voted against joining.

Question 16

What was the opinion of other countries about the formation of the League of Nations?

Answer 16

Many believed that without American membership economic sanctions would not work.

Question 17

What was Britain and France’s role in the formation of the League of Nations?

Answer 17

Neither were strong enough to lead and didn’t want to contribute. Britain was focused on rebuilding trade and France was more concerned about Germany and was prepared to bypass the League if need be.

Question 18

What was Germany and the USSR’s evolvement in the formation of the League of Nations?

Answer 18

Neither were allowed to join, it looked like the winner’s club.

Question 19

What was style role of the Assembly in the League of Nations?

Answer 19

All members had a seat, all decisions had to be unanimous. They could recommend actions to the Council. They met once a year.

Question 20

What was the role of the Council in the League of Nations?

Answer 20

The Council was formed of 4 Permanent Members (Britain, France, Italy and Japan) and 4 - 9 temporary members. They met 5 times per year or in an emergency. Permanent Members had the right to VETO any ideas. They were meant to discuss issues between members and use either moral condemnation, economic sanctions or military force to solve problems.

Question 21

What was the role of the Secretariat in the formation of the League of Nations?

Answer 21

The Secretariat kept record of meetings and prepared reports. This was the administrative wing of the League.

Question 22

What was the role of the Permanent Court of International Justice in the league of Nations?

Answer 22

The Court made decisions on border disputes, but only if asked. Their decisions were not binding and could not be enforced.

Question 23

What was the role of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in the
League?

Answer 23

The ILO brought together employers, governments and workers once a year to improve working conditions.

Question 24

What was the role of the Commissions in the League of Nations?

Answer 24

They tackled major world problems like refugees, slavery, disease and health.

Question 25

What was the role of the Covenant in the League of Nations?

Answer 25

This was made up of 26 articles that all members agreed to follow. Article 10 (Collective Security) said all members would act together against an aggressor.