Conflict and Tension - Green Book Flashcards
Article number where Germany accepted war guilt
231
Amount of reparations Germany had to pay
6.6 billion
Amount of battleships Germany were allowed
6
Three military things Germany could not have
Submarines
Air Force
Tanks
Percent of land Germany lost
13
Who got Alsace Lorraine
France
Who got Eupen and Malmedy
Belgium
The secretariat
Work and administration
Kept records and made reports
The council
4 temporary members
Met 3 times a year
Contained uk France Italy Japan- Germany from 1926
The assembly
Each member had a vote
Debated in Geneva
only met once a year
Why did moussolini want Abyssinia
Italy in bad state after ww1
Knew LofN wouldn’t stop him
Failed to invade previous- restore Italian pride
Natural resources
Invasion would be easy as it is surrounded by Italian colonies
What did Britain do to help Manchuria
Commission of inquiry and Lytton report however it was ineffective
What was Britain’s attitude towards Manchuria invasion
Japan had overreacted and should not have invaded
Why didn’t Britain help Manchuria
In massive depression
Labour government didn’t want to go to war
Who invaded Manchuria
Japan
Who invaded Abyssinia
Moussolini/ Italy
The league wanted to improve conditions of this
Working
League wanted this to be more safe
Transport and worldwide road safety
Where was the league based
Switzerland
Big 3
Great Britain
France
USA
British ruler 1919
Loyd George
French Leader 1919
Clemenceau
American Leader 1919
Woodrow Wilson
What word did Germany use to describe the league
Diktat
What did the USA refuse to join
League of Nations - despite it being Wilson’s idea
What TofV term were Britain happy about
Germany giving up colonies because it meant Britain gained colonies
What terms were the french unhappy about
Reparations- wanted 180 billion
Army- felt vulnerable to German attack- 100,000 was too many
Wanted Saar forever not only 15 years
What TofV term were Britain unhappy about
Reparations- lost Germany as a trading partner
Worried about another war
What was the Paris peace conference?
January 1919, representatives from 32 winning countries met to discuss peace after the war. The discussions were lead by David loyd George (uk), George Clemenceau (France) and Woodrow Wilson(USA)
What did Clemenceau/ France want from the treaty of Versailles
- Germany had fought on French land and destroyed French infrastructure. France suffered the most deaths.
- Wanted to cripple Germany so they couldn’t attack again. eg. Reduce armed forces and German border pushed back to the Rhine in east Germany to make France less vulnerable to attack
- needed money to rebuild France
What did Loyd George/ Britain want from the treaty of Versailles
Wanted revenge for soldiers who died in trenches but not too much as he didn’t want Germany to start another war
Keep Germany strong enough to be a trading partner
Gain German colonies to grow British Empire
Reduce Germany’s navy to stop it being a threat to Britain’s
What did Wilson/ USA want from the treaty of Versailles
No fighting took place on American soil and USA made money by selling weapons to the Allies therefore didn’t want revenge- didn’t want Germany to start another war
Proposed the League of Nations and made the 14 points
What happened to Danzig?
Under League of Nations control
British reaction to the Treaty of Versailles
Fair but think it could have been harsher as most people had lost relatives in the trenches
Loyd George welcomed as a hero
French reaction to the Treaty of Versailles
Pleased about the Rhineland, reparations, and having control of the Saar coal fields for 15 years
Angry as they wanted the Saar forever, more reparations, no German army
America’s reaction to the Treaty of Versailles
Thought it was unfair, making Britain and France rich at the cost of Germany
Wanted a fair treaty that made peace in future but felt they had got the opposite
German reaction to the Treaty of Versailles
Shocked by its severity
Not allowed to negotiate terms so thought it was unfair
Most angry about article 231- accepting war guilt
The treaty of St Germain- TERMS
LAND
- Austria lost land to Italy and Romania
- Land was taken to create new states of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia
- Poland which was also a new country, was given land too
REPARATIONS
- Austria told to pay reparations but the amount was never fixed
MILITARY RESTRICTIONS
- 30,000 men in the army
- no conscription
- no navy
OTHER TERMS
- Austria forbidden from uniting with Germany
When was the treaty of St Germain and who did it mainly affect?
10 September 1919
Austria
Impact of the Treaty of St Germain
- Italy agreed to join the war and help the allies in return for land in 1915. However, they were angry as they didn’t feel they had got enough land
- Much Austrian industry was in land given to Czechoslovakia. This meant Austria lost a huge source of income and their economy collapsed in 1921
- The new states formed were a mix of nationalities that often clashed
- East Europe was now made of lots of small states, instead of one powerful empire
The Treaty of Neuilly- TERMS
LAND
-Bulgaria lost land to Yugoslavia, Greece and Romania. However, Bulgaria did gain some land from Turkey
REPARATIONS
- Bulgaria have to pay £100,000,000
MILITARY RESTRICTIONS
- Bulgarian army limited to 20,000
- No conscription
- No Air Force
- 4 battleships
When was The Treaty of Neuilly and who did it mostly affect?
27 November 1919
Bulgaria
The Treaty of Trianon- TERMS
LAND
- Hungarian land was lost to Romania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia and Austria
REPARATIONS
- agreed that reparations should be set but the amount was never fixed
- Hungarian economy collapsed so nothing was ever actually paid
MILITARY RESTRICTIONS
- 30,000 men in the Hungarian army
- No conscription
- 3 patrol boats
When was The Treaty of Trianon and who did it mainly affect?
4 June 1920
Hungary
The Treaty of Sèrves- TERMS
LAND
- Turkey lost land to Greece
- In Europe, turkey lost all its land, except a small area around the capital of Constantinople
- The Turkish (Ottoman) Empire was split up
MILITARY RESTRICTIONS
- Turkish army restricted to 50,000 men
- Navy restricted to 7 sail boats and 6 torpedo boats
OTHER TERMS
- Turkish had controlled the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus straits, important waterways that connected the Black Sea to the Mediterranean, but the treaty says they must open these to other countries
- The allies were allowed to keep troops in Turkey
Impact of The Treaty of Sèvres
- the people of Turkey were so furious about the treaty that they revolted and overthrew the government
- The new president threatened to fight the allies over the treaty. The British were not prepared to fight another war do they agreed to overwrite the treaty with the treaty of Lausanne
