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conflict and tension Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s an Armistice?

A

An agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.

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2
Q

Who’s the big 3 and what was their beliefs?

A

George Clemenceau - France, wanted to cripple germany, was very harsh.
David Lloyd George - Britain. going to ‘make them pay’, wanted revenge, take land
Woodrow Wilson - USA, Concerned other were being to strict, didn’t want revenge.

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3
Q

What were the terms of the treaty?

A

Germany was to take full blame for war.
Armed forces - reduced
Reperations - 6.6 mil
German Territories - lose them
LEague of nations - formed but germany was not allowed to join.

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4
Q

How did Britain react to the Treaty?

A

Happy as Britain gained colonies but was unhappy as it was too harsh and was worries another war may happen.

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5
Q

How did France react to the treaty?

A

General public was furious as it wasn’t harsh enough and Clemenceau was unhappy that Germany was allowed to retain an army.

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6
Q

How did the USA react to the treaty?

A

Public thought it was unfair and too harsh. Wilson said it was a disaster.

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7
Q

Why was the LoN created?

A

Was created to keep peace and prevent war.

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8
Q

What was the LoN aims?

A
  1. Stop war from breaking out again.
  2. Encourage disarmement.
    3.improve working conditions
  3. Tackle deadly diseases.
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9
Q

Who was part of the LoN and who wasn’t? Why?

A

Britain,France, Italy and Japan
Russia wasn’t as it was a communist country

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10
Q

How did the league plan to keep peace?

A

Collective security - if all countries work together they can keep peace.
International laws - every country follow same rules less chance of disagreeing.

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11
Q

Why didn’t America join LoN?

A

Have sympathy for Germany and they’re worried about their economic class.

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12
Q

How did the LoN help people?

A

Health committee - help tackle deadly diseases.
Economic and financial committee - support economies of some countries.

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13
Q

What were Challenges LoN faces in 1920s?

A

Wall street crash (1929) - America economy collapsed.

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14
Q

What was the Washington Naval pact?

A

Held in USA but Britain, France and Japan attended as individual countries instead of part of the league.

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15
Q

What was the Rapollo treaty?

A

1922 - Germany and Russia agreed that Germany would return the money and land that Russia had lost. LoN not involved.

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16
Q

What was the Locarno Treaty?

A

1925 - tried to help improve relations and allowed Germany to join league.

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17
Q

What was the Kellog -Briand pact?

A

65 countries met and agreed not to use war to solve disputes. HUGE FAILURE FOR LEAGUE- countries could work independently without the league.

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18
Q

What was the Manchurian Crisis?

A

Japan wanted Manchuria as they was suffering from depression.
Failure for league.

19
Q

What was Hitler’s aims and why did they lead to war/ conflict?

A

Lebensraum - gain land in east.
Overturn ToV.
Unite German people.
DEstroy communism
Rearmament - build up army which led to war as due to ToV Germany’s military power was very restricted.

20
Q

In 1938 what did Hitler turn his attention to and what did he do?

A

Anschluss with Austria - he tuned his attention to his homeland and sent troops to watch vote in which causes intimidation.

21
Q

What percentage of people voted for Anschluss?

A

99.75% ( can get away with around 99%)

22
Q

What was Hitlers reasons for Anschluss with Austria?

A

Bring them together into a ‘greater Germany’

23
Q

What was the response from Britain and France with Anschluss with Austria?

A

They both weren’t prepared for war.
In France 2 days before Anschluss the whole government resigned.

24
Q

What was Austria’s reaction to Anschluss.

A

Were happy as they could restore their pride lost after WW1 but the Austrian Jewish population was immediately taken by Nazis.

25
Q

What was Germany’s reaction to Anschluss?

A

Was so delighted, Hitler was seen as a hero and heightened his popularity.

26
Q

What was czechoslovakia’s reaction to Anschluss?

A

They knew they would be next country to come under Nazi pressure.
Britain and France agree to support Czech if Germany invaded.

27
Q

Why did Hitler want the Sudeten land?

A
  1. It was home to 3 million German - speaking people. 20% of whole population.
  2. Good case to launch an attack on the rest of Czech.
  3. Area had many factories
  4. German - speaking Sudeten’s claimed that they were being persecuted by Czechs.
28
Q

When was the Munich agreement signed and what was it? Who signed it?

A

29th Sep 1938 - Britain, France, Germany, Italy .
Agreement that meant Germany got the Sudetenland but Czechoslovakia was not present in the meeting.

29
Q

What is Appeasement?

A

Giving potential enemies a part of what they want to prevent conflict.

30
Q

Arguments for appeasement.

A
  1. ToV had been too harsh on Germany
  2. Great Depression meant Britain and France could not afford to fight. Had their own problems
  3. Hitler told Britain he was a man of peace which they believed.
31
Q

Arguments against appeasement.

A
  1. Was morally wrong.
  2. More Hitler was given the more confident he grew and the more he took/wanted.
  3. People misjudged Hitler. Throughout the 1920s he always said he would use violence to make Germany strong again.
32
Q

When was the Munich conference and what did Hitler say?

A

22nd September 1938 - He wanted land by 1st October 1939. Peace in return for land.

33
Q

What happened March 1939?

A

Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia and Chamberlain and Hitler also agreed that they would never go to war against each other.

34
Q

Why did Hitler want to invade Poland?

A
  1. Would help him achieve his aims as he could Overturn ToV and claim Lebensraum in the east.
  2. Hitler had the confidence to invade Poland as he knew England and France wouldn’t interrupt.
35
Q

Why can’t Stalin trust his old allies? (3 reasons)

A
  1. He joined LoN in 1934 and witnessed it was in crisis. He lost faith in League’s ability to protect Russia from Hitler’s threat.
  2. Britain + France had followed policy of Appeasement towards Germany in 193os so they clearly didn’t trust him.
  3. He wasn’t invited or Consulted to Munich Agreement.
36
Q

What was the Nazi- soviet pact and who was it with?

A

Hitler and Stalin promised not to go to war with each other. Made a secret promise to invade Poland together then half it.

37
Q

What was signed in August 1939?

A

Germany + Russia signed a ‘Non Aggression pact’ which shocked the world.

38
Q

Why did the Nazi - soviet pact happen?

A

T- time to prepare for war - 18 months military preparations.
H - hope to gain from other failures - European war
U - unhappy with Britain - Stalin was insulted by Britain’s slowness to negotiate and did not trust Britain.
G - Germany - Hitler wanted the alliance as only Russia could keep Britain’s promise to defend Poland.

39
Q

What was significance of the pact?

A
  1. Made war Inevitable - going to happen
  2. Left Poland isolated and vulnerable from both sides.
  3. Germany now didn’t have to fight on two fronts. ( only West)
  4. Persuaded Britain that war was imminent (about to happen) - Britain formalised their previous agreement with Poland.
40
Q

When did Hitler invaded Poland and how big was his army that invaded?

A

1st Sep 1939 - with an army of 1.6 million.

41
Q

Why did he decide to invade Poland?

A

He might have USSR on his side and was convinced that Britain and France would continue their policy of appeasement. Confident.

42
Q

What was Hitler’s Generals concerned about when he invaded Poland and what did they do?

A

They were still not ready for war and even leaked plans to Britain in the hope that it would force Hitler to abandon his plans.

43
Q

What was Britain’s response to the invasion of Poland?

A

3rd Sep 1939 -Britain sent an ultimatum to Germany. Told him to leave Poland or they’ll declare war.

44
Q

What was the aims of LoN when dealing with boarder disputes?

A

D - disarmament
I - Improve people’s lives and working conditions.
E - encourage cooperation and trade
S - stop war (collective security)

History conflict and tension (1 decks)

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