Conflict and Tension

Question 1

When was the ToV signed?

Answer 1

June 1919

Question 2

What was the aim of George Clemenceau?

Answer 2

Cripple Germany so they would never be able to attack again.

Question 3

What was the aim of Lloyd George?

Answer 3

Wanted to keep Germany fairly strong so it could remain as a trading partner, gain German colonies and reduce the German navy

Question 4

What was the aim of Woodrow Wilson?

Answer 4

He was an idealist and wanted to set up his 14 points.

Question 5

Guilt

Answer 5

Article 231 - War guilt clause

Question 6

Armed forces

Answer 6

100,000 men, 6 battleships, 0 submarines (U-boats), 0 aircraft and 0 tanks

Question 7

Reparations

Answer 7

Germany had to pay 6.6 billion to the allies

Question 8

German land

Answer 8

Germany lost 10% of its land, including Alsace-Lorraine, the Saar and its colonies in Africa were given away

Question 9

League of Nations

Answer 9

The League of Nations was set up as an international government, however Germany did not join until much later

Question 10

German reaction

Answer 10

March 1920 - Kapp Putsch rebelling narrowly crushed
January 1923 - Germany miss payment so France invades the Ruhr
Nov - Hitler fails to take the Munich Putsch + loaf of bread costs 200,000 million marks
Aug 1929 - Dawes plan lend Germany 800 million gold Marks

Question 11

Pros/Cons

Answer 11

Pros:
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was far harsher
Under pressure
Most devastating war

Cons:
6 million Germans outside Germany
13% of land lost
felt vulnerable
couldn’t negotiate the terms

Question 12

Structure of the league

Answer 12

The assembly (42 nations to start with, votes needed to be unanimous)
Council (4 permanent -britain,france,italy,japan- and 4 non-permanent which were elected, had the power of veto and met more frequently)
permanent court of international justice
the secretariat
special comissions

Question 13

labour comission

Answer 13

1922 - banned white lead paint
1928 - 77 countries agreed to set minimum wage

1919 - tried to stop children under 14 from working but failed
1935 - idea for 8 hour work day was approved by 4 members

Question 14

refugee

Answer 14

1921 - helped free 427,000 out of 500,000 pow
1917 - helped 1.5 million refugees after russian revolution

1933 - Germany blocked the proposal for helping jewish people fleeing germany

Question 15

slavery

Answer 15

organised raids on sierra leone which set 200,000 people free

Question 16

econ + financial committee

Answer 16

helped Austria + Hungary rebuild their economies
Collapsed after the great depression

Question 17

Vilna

Answer 17

Failure -1920
Vilna was set up as the capital of Lithuania but most people in it were Polish. Poland took the city with force and L asked for help but LoN didnt do anythting

Question 18

Upper Silesia

Answer 18

Failure/Success - 1921-1925
Dispute between Poland + Germany.
1921 plebiscite was held. Germany had 60% and LoN split it up based on regions of support. Poland got industrial, Germany got rural. Still complaints, 0.5 million poles trapped in germany, Germany lost income and so was able to import coal at cheaper rate.

Question 19

Aland islands

Answer 19

Dispute between Finland + Sweden. LoN did an investigation and determined islands should go to Finland, however they were not allowed to build forts on the island. Both countries were happy
Success - 1921

Question 20

Corfu

Answer 20

Border between Albania + Greece to be determined so LoN sent Italian general Tellini to investigate. He was murdered and Mussolini was furious and demanded compensation from the Greeks. Greece didn’t know who the killers were and on the 31 Aug 1923, Mussolini invaded the island of Corfu, killing 15. LoN condemned his actions, but agreed that Greece should pay compensation and the LoN would hold onto it until the killers were found. However, Mussolini went to the Conference of Ambassadors and they said that the money should be paid immediately. Failure

Question 21

Bulgaria

Answer 21

Greek soldiers killed on the border, so Greece invaded Bulgaria. Bulgaria went to LoN and Greece was forced to back off and pay compensation. Felt as tho the LoN were being hypocritical as they let Mussolini get away with it. 1925

Question 22

Locarno Treaty

Answer 22

1925 Between France and Germany, saying that Germany accepted the new borders, however France couldn’t invade due to other countries signing that they would defend the invaded nation. Signed voluntarily unlike ToV

Question 23

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Answer 23

1928, 65 countries agreed not to use war to solve disputes.

Question 24

Mukden incident

Answer 24

18 Sep 1931, Japanese railway attacked by “Chinese soldiers”. Japan used this as an excuse to fully invade Manchuria.

Question 25

LoN reaction to Mukden

Answer 25

Didn’t want to fight due to it being far away and some people believed the area was fairly Japan’s. Also, Japan was a major member.
Lytton report published Oct1932:
Japan was in the wrong and should leave China

Question 26

Mukden cont.

Answer 26

Feb 1933, a court is held which tells Japan to leave Manchuria, however they leave the LoN and invade Jehol. 1937 they start a full scale invasion of China.

Question 27

Abyssinia

Answer 27

Reason:
Easy invasion, weak army and undeveloped
1896, Italy tried and failed to invade, matter of national pride
Convinced the LoN wouldn’t do anything due to the Stresa Front in 1935

Events:
Dec 1934, Italy and Abyssinia clash at Wal Wal, 150 Abyssinian + 2 Italians dead.
Jan 1935 Hoare-Laval Pact, 2 politicians met in secret to determine how to split Abyssinia (50/50 split with Italy getting the fertile regions). When public found out, they were forced to resign.
3 Oct 1935, Italy fully invades.
30 June 1935, Haile Selassie address the LoN in Geneva
5 May 1936, Italy takes the capital Addis Ababa