Confederation

Question 1

What is a bill?

Answer 1

A Bill was a proposal to make a law or act

Question 2

Rebellion losses bill?

Answer 2

The rebellion losses bill was a bill compensating ppl of east canada who suffered property damage (incl. some rebels) during rebellions.

Question 3

Why was the rebellion losses bill important?

Answer 3

Since lord elgin and others hated but he approved the bill which really brought democracy to canada but brought outrage to some people.

Question 4

What was a corn law?

Answer 4

Corn laws were laws which protected agriculture in the british empire by limiting the import of grain from other countries, like a preferential tariff to the colonies making certain countries goods cheaper, but corn laws were then repealed

Question 5

Tariff

Answer 5

A tariff was a duty or charge, that must be paid on an imported item.

Question 6

Economy of Canada?

Answer 6

Britain’s economic relationship with the colonies was changing, 1846 corn laws repealed a part of navigation acts which led to unemployment and recession and economic depression, since Britain could buy wheat from other countries for the lowest prices and creating few er factories and industries.

Question 7

Who was lord elgin

Answer 7

Lord Elgin (James Bruce) was the new governor in 1846, lord Durham's son in law
Goal: create responsible government and make canada more independent ; too expensive for UK to handle and support, introduce democracy so people didn't want to revolt

Question 8

Who were the Fenians and what were the fenian raids?

Answer 8

Fenians were angry Irishmen during the Civil war who planned multiple raids against canada but failed.

Question 9

Confederation and Federation?

Answer 9

Confederation is an organization that consists of colonies that want to unite together, this is the act of a federation and a federation is a union of provinces each of which keeps certain powers but gives up other powers to a central, national government

Question 10

Cons of Confederation

Answer 10

Lose there independence: defence, foreign affairs, and postage

Many preferred dealing with London instead of each other

Taxes could go up

Little in common with each other (Maritimes vs Quebec)

Question 11

Pros of Confederation

Answer 11

Corn laws repealed: BNAs economy hurt: joining may help, this led to unemployment and recession in Canada

Expanding West: Rupert’s land (HBC), Unify with BC

Put together larger army- protection against civil war and fenian raids

Building a railway, access to Maritimes ports

Question 12

What was Manifest Destiny?

Answer 12

Manifest Destiny was an American idea that it was the fate of the united states to control all of North America and Canadians were suspicious of American intentions in the west due to invasions.

Question 13

American Civil War?

Answer 13

The American civil war 1861-65 the industrialized north fought the agricultural south a divise issue was the south supported slavery. And more soldiers in the north than ppl in Canada

Question 14

Political parties

Answer 14

Political parties were a new concept in pre confederation canada and a political party attracts ppl who have similar ideas and goals and in canada were formed to represent the french and English

Question 15

Who were the 4 main political parties?

Answer 15

In lower canada: Parti rouge- Papineau ( didn’t want to join )
Parti bleu-Cartier
In upper canada: Clear grits: Liberals- Brown
Tories:conservatives-MacDonald

Question 16

Macdonald’s Party

Answer 16

The tories in canada west had views that were less democratic as browns but he was more astute politician and made a deal with Parti bleu that enabled a combined party an important step toward confederation and also helped with double majority

Question 17

John A macdonald

Answer 17

He was one of the architects of Canadian confederation in 1864 he gave an engaging but untruthful speech, leaving out the part most ppl didnt want to unite together he said the scheme as a whole has met almost universal approval and was the first prime minister

Question 18

George Brown and his party

Answer 18

He used his newspaper to spread his views. In canada west the clear grits attacked corruption in government and was a radical party, they wanted more democracy and defended English Canadian interests and brown was an abrasive man who disliked both catholics and french making enemies quickly and pushed for representation by population

Question 19

George Etienne Cartier

Answer 19

he was a wealthy francophone who invested in railways and as a young man he was part of the LC rebellions and later a driving force behind confederation

Question 20

Cartier’s party

Answer 20

He was leader of parti bleu in LC and focused on economic development and protection of french- canadiens culture, and was prepared to work together to do so and had the support of the Catholic Church

Question 21

Papineau’s Party

Answer 21

East Canada former radical rebel led parti rouge and represented french speaking farmers and business people and wanted american style government and hated the act of union

Question 22

How did nova scotia and new brunswick feel about confederation?

Answer 22

they felt joining may make them become a smaller part of a whole rather than equal partner, they consisted of acadians scots Irish and others

Question 23

Reciprocity

Answer 23

an agreement that provided for free trade between the US and the British colonies after the repeal of corn laws

Question 24

1st conference

Answer 24

Charlottetown PEI Sept 1864- amongst maritimes only to figure out whether to join but cartier brown macdonald seized there chance crashing the party ,the great coalition and discussed their plans for confederation, PEI nova scotia and new brunswick agreed in principle

Question 25

2nd conference

Answer 25

October 1864 not if but how? how government will work? french language and culture? decided provincial government should retain many powers even though macdonald want a strong national government. in the end it produced 72 resolutions and a blueprint for Canada

Question 26

BNA act

Answer 26

July 1 1867 the BNA act was passed by the British parliament which created the dominion of Canada(NS,NB, canada). The bna act was the basis for canadas constitution that documented and outlined rules EVERYONE must follow it also divided powers between federal and provincial government

Question 27

Federal powers

Answer 27

Canadas federal government is set out in the constitution and divided into 3 branches: executive,legislative, judicial and powers included defence, banks+currency, aboriginal affairs,criminal law,jails,taxes, and residual power.

Question 28

Provincial powers

Answer 28

Provincial power included taxes, publicland, healthcare, local government (municipal) including bylaws and permits, also roads/bridges,education, and provincial courts

Question 29

British columbia during confederation

Answer 29

BC was not a part of either conferences during confederation, making ppl interested on whats going on, although some western supporters attended and they believed it would grow and foster the development of the west including the railway, the first step was buying ruperts land