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Respiratory system > Conducting zone > Flashcards

Conducting zone Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

A

Respiration

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2
Q

What does the entire process of gas exchange in the body include?

A

Pulmonary ventilation (breathing in and out)
Supplying body cells with oxygen
Removing body cells with co2

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3
Q

What are some other functions of the respiratory system?

A

Filters, warms, moistens air
Helps regulate blood PH
Produces sound and smell receptors

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4
Q

What does the conducting zone do?

A

Makes sure air goes in and out of lungs
Filters, warms, and moistens air

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5
Q

What is the upper division of conducting zone?

A

Nasal cavity
Nostril
Larynx
Pharynx

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6
Q

What is the lower division of the conducting zone?

A

Trachea
Primary bronchus
Lungs
Diaphragm

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7
Q

What is the opening to the respiratory system?

A

External nares or nostrils

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8
Q

What is the nose made of?

A

Nasal bones
Hyaline cartilage

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9
Q

What forms the nasal septum?

A

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Vomer
Cartilage

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10
Q

What creates the right and left sides of nasal passage?

A

Internal division

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11
Q

What is the nasal cavity?

A

Internal space behind the nose that connects to the pharynx

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12
Q

What is the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

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13
Q

What is the floor of the nasal cavity?

A

Hard palate

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14
Q

What do nasal conchae do in the nasal cavity?

A

Increase surface area

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15
Q

After respiratory mucosa traps bacteria where does it go?

A

Stomach via esophagus

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16
Q

What does pharynx do?

A

Connects nasal cavity and mouth superiorly to larynx and esophagus inferiorly
Common passageway for food and air
Assists with resonating speech and houses the tonsils

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17
Q

What is true about nasopharynx?

A

Primary air passageway

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18
Q

Oropharynx

A

Passageway for food and air

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19
Q

Laryngopharynx

A

Where respitratory and digestive tubes diverge

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20
Q

What does the thyroid cartilage protect?

A

The glottis

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21
Q

Where is larynx attached to?

A

Superiorly: Hyoid bone
Inferiorly: continous with trachea

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22
Q

What does the larynx do?

A

Directs food and air into correct tubes
Anchors muscles for swallowing and sound production

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23
Q

What makes up the larynx?

A

Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis
Arytenoid cartilages

24
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Where tongue and neck muscles attach
Only bone not to be articulated by another bone

25
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

Large anterior shield attached to the hyoid bone

26
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Inferior, ring shaped, attached to trachea
Work together to protect entrance to the trachea

27
Q

Epiglottis

A

Leaf shaped lid, posterior aspect of the tongue to the thyroid cartilage
Closes airway during swallowing

28
Q

Arytenoid cartilages

A

Lateral and posterior walls of larynx superior to cricoid cartilage
Move the vocal cords regulating the size of the glottis

29
Q

Where do vocal cords run from?

A

Internal surface of thyroid cartilage to arytenoid cartilage

30
Q

What are vocal cords called when they’re covered with tissue?

A

Vocal Folds

31
Q

What is the glottis?

A

Open and adjustable space between vocal cords
Passageway for air

32
Q

What moves the arytenoid cartilages to change glottis size and produce sound?

A

Contraction of laryngeal muscles

33
Q

Trachea

A

Made of cartilages derived from visceral arches to keep the airway open

34
Q

What is true about the trachea?

A

It is open all the time
In superior mediastinum
Anterior to esophagus

35
Q

Where does trachea descend from?

A

The larynx

36
Q

What is the last cartilage of the trachea?

A

The carina

37
Q

Where does the trachea split into left and right?

A

The carina

38
Q

True of false: Cartilage is absent in the posterior trachea

A

True

39
Q

What keeps the trachea open?

A

C shaped hyaline cartilage which become circular with the trachealis muscle

40
Q

Air is moved to and from the lungs using the ___?

A

Bronchial tree

41
Q

What do the main bronchus supply?

A

Supply to each lung directly

42
Q

What do the lobar bronchus supply?

A

Each lobe of the lung

43
Q

What do the segmental bronchus supply?

A

Lobules

44
Q

What do lobules do?

A

Gas exchange

45
Q

What makes up the bronchial tree?

A

Primary (main bronchi)
Secondary (lobar) bronchi
Tertiary (segmenta) bronchi
Bronchioles

46
Q

Primary (main) bronchi

A

Largest and 1st off the trachea which supply to each lung

47
Q

Secondary (lobar) bronchi

A

Supply to each lobe of the lung
3 on the right and 2 on the left

48
Q

What is true about tertiary (segmental) bronchi

A

Less cartilage

49
Q

Bronchioles

A

Supply to the lobules of the lungs
No cartilage
More smooth muscle
Thin epithelium

50
Q

Where are the apex and base of the lungs?

A

Apex: Near clavicle ; on top
Base: On diaphragm ; on bottom

51
Q

What is the hilum?

A

Where the bronchi, large blood vessels, and nerves access the lungs at the groove of mediastinal surface

52
Q

How many lobes are on the lungs?

A

On right side 3
On left side 2

53
Q

On the right side of the lung what are the superior and middle lobes divided by?

A

Horizontal fissure

54
Q

On the right side of the lung what are the middle and inferior lobes divided by?

A

Oblique fissure

55
Q

On the left side of the lung what are the superior and inferior lobes of the lung divided by?

A

Oblique fissure

56
Q

What are the smallest subdivisions of the lung?

A

The lobules

57
Q

Where is the respiratory zone?

A

In the lobules

Respiratory system (2 decks)

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