Conducting zone Flashcards
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Respiration
What does the entire process of gas exchange in the body include?
Pulmonary ventilation (breathing in and out)
Supplying body cells with oxygen
Removing body cells with co2
What are some other functions of the respiratory system?
Filters, warms, moistens air
Helps regulate blood PH
Produces sound and smell receptors
What does the conducting zone do?
Makes sure air goes in and out of lungs
Filters, warms, and moistens air
What is the upper division of conducting zone?
Nasal cavity
Nostril
Larynx
Pharynx
What is the lower division of the conducting zone?
Trachea
Primary bronchus
Lungs
Diaphragm
What is the opening to the respiratory system?
External nares or nostrils
What is the nose made of?
Nasal bones
Hyaline cartilage
What forms the nasal septum?
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Vomer
Cartilage
What creates the right and left sides of nasal passage?
Internal division
What is the nasal cavity?
Internal space behind the nose that connects to the pharynx
What is the roof of the nasal cavity?
Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
What is the floor of the nasal cavity?
Hard palate
What do nasal conchae do in the nasal cavity?
Increase surface area
After respiratory mucosa traps bacteria where does it go?
Stomach via esophagus
What does pharynx do?
Connects nasal cavity and mouth superiorly to larynx and esophagus inferiorly
Common passageway for food and air
Assists with resonating speech and houses the tonsils
What is true about nasopharynx?
Primary air passageway
Oropharynx
Passageway for food and air
Laryngopharynx
Where respitratory and digestive tubes diverge
What does the thyroid cartilage protect?
The glottis
Where is larynx attached to?
Superiorly: Hyoid bone
Inferiorly: continous with trachea
What does the larynx do?
Directs food and air into correct tubes
Anchors muscles for swallowing and sound production
What makes up the larynx?
Hyoid bone
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis
Arytenoid cartilages
Hyoid bone
Where tongue and neck muscles attach
Only bone not to be articulated by another bone
Thyroid cartilage
Large anterior shield attached to the hyoid bone
Cricoid cartilage
Inferior, ring shaped, attached to trachea
Work together to protect entrance to the trachea
Epiglottis
Leaf shaped lid, posterior aspect of the tongue to the thyroid cartilage
Closes airway during swallowing
Arytenoid cartilages
Lateral and posterior walls of larynx superior to cricoid cartilage
Move the vocal cords regulating the size of the glottis
Where do vocal cords run from?
Internal surface of thyroid cartilage to arytenoid cartilage
What are vocal cords called when they’re covered with tissue?
Vocal Folds
What is the glottis?
Open and adjustable space between vocal cords
Passageway for air
What moves the arytenoid cartilages to change glottis size and produce sound?
Contraction of laryngeal muscles
Trachea
Made of cartilages derived from visceral arches to keep the airway open
What is true about the trachea?
It is open all the time
In superior mediastinum
Anterior to esophagus
Where does trachea descend from?
The larynx
What is the last cartilage of the trachea?
The carina
Where does the trachea split into left and right?
The carina
True of false: Cartilage is absent in the posterior trachea
True
What keeps the trachea open?
C shaped hyaline cartilage which become circular with the trachealis muscle
Air is moved to and from the lungs using the ___?
Bronchial tree
What do the main bronchus supply?
Supply to each lung directly
What do the lobar bronchus supply?
Each lobe of the lung
What do the segmental bronchus supply?
Lobules
What do lobules do?
Gas exchange
What makes up the bronchial tree?
Primary (main bronchi)
Secondary (lobar) bronchi
Tertiary (segmenta) bronchi
Bronchioles
Primary (main) bronchi
Largest and 1st off the trachea which supply to each lung
Secondary (lobar) bronchi
Supply to each lobe of the lung
3 on the right and 2 on the left
What is true about tertiary (segmental) bronchi
Less cartilage
Bronchioles
Supply to the lobules of the lungs
No cartilage
More smooth muscle
Thin epithelium
Where are the apex and base of the lungs?
Apex: Near clavicle ; on top
Base: On diaphragm ; on bottom
What is the hilum?
Where the bronchi, large blood vessels, and nerves access the lungs at the groove of mediastinal surface
How many lobes are on the lungs?
On right side 3
On left side 2
On the right side of the lung what are the superior and middle lobes divided by?
Horizontal fissure
On the right side of the lung what are the middle and inferior lobes divided by?
Oblique fissure
On the left side of the lung what are the superior and inferior lobes of the lung divided by?
Oblique fissure
What are the smallest subdivisions of the lung?
The lobules
Where is the respiratory zone?
In the lobules
