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Respiratory Histology > Conducting & Respiratory Portion > Flashcards

Conducting & Respiratory Portion Flashcards

1
Q

The most abundant cell in respiratory mucosa

A

Ciliated columnar cell

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2
Q

Function of basal cells

A

Can differentiate into ciliated and goblet cells

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3
Q

Function of brush cells

A

Chemosensory cells

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4
Q

System to which K cells belong

A

Diffuse neuroendocrine system

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5
Q

Contrast the lining epithelim of parts of vestibule

A

1st part: stratified squamous keratinised with vibrissae

2nd part: respiratory epithelium

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6
Q

Mention contents of dermis of vestibule

A

Sweat and sebaceous glands

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7
Q

Nasal fossa lamina propria contains …….. glands, to….. .

A

Mucoserous

Trap any F. B. removed by action of cilia.

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8
Q

Gland producing serous fluid of olfactory epithelium is

A

Bowman’s glands

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9
Q

The color of olfactory mucosa is due to

A

Yellowish pigment found in cytoplasm of sustentacular cells.

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10
Q

……. binds supporting to olfactory cells

A

Junctional complex

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11
Q

Describe axon of olfactory cells

A

Unmyelinated directed to olfactory bulb

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12
Q

Type of olfactory cells

A

Sensory bipolar nerve cell

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13
Q

Special feature of olfactory cilia

A

Immotile lacking dyenin arms

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14
Q

Special feature of olfactory cells (as neurons)

A

Can be regenerated by basal cells in postnatal life

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15
Q

Compare lining epithelium of superior, middle and inferior chonchae

A 
Sup = specialized olfactory epithelium
Mid+inf = respiratory epithelium
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16
Q

Mention special structure in lamina propria of chochae and its function

A 
Swell bodies (large venous plexus)
Reduce flow of air to moisten and warm it.
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17
Q

Why does stuffed nose occur?

A

In overheated environment or due to infection

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18
Q

Mention 5 structures and correlated functions if nose

A
  1. Hair trap coarse particles
  2. Mucus traps fine particles
  3. Muco-serous secrtion moisten incoming air
  4. Swell bodies warm air
  5. Bowman’s glands secretions clear olfactory cilia and dissolve odorous gases.
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19
Q

Mention two sites in which the lamina propria is continous with periosteum

A

Paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx

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20
Q

Result of obstruction of meatuses is …… .

A

Sinusitis

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21
Q

Describe capsule and lining epithelim of pharyngeal tonsil

A

Un-encapsulated

Respiratory

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22
Q

Clinical manifestation of adenoids

A

Chronic mouth breathing

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23
Q

Type of tracheal cartilage

A

Hyaline

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24
Q

……. & ……. bridge between hyaline cartilages of trachea

A 
Smooth muscle (trachealis muscle)
Fibroelastic ligament (tissue)
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25
Q

Mention

Structure between mucosa and submucosa and its function

A

Dense elastic lamina of lamina propria

Resposible for elastic recoil of trachea

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26
Q

Source of most mucus of trachea is …… .

A

Mucus glands in submucosa

27
Q

Describe the change which occurs to respiratory epithelium with chronic irritation

A

Metaplasia, number of goblet cells increases relative to ciliated cells to trap irritants

28
Q

Mention points of contrast between trachea and primary bronchi

A
  1. Spirally arranged smooth muscle.
  2. Elastic fibers in L.P.
  3. Most cartilage rings completely encircle the lumen
29
Q

Mention site of smooth muscle fibers and their arrangement in intrapulmonary bronchi

A

Between mucosa and cartilage

Helically arranged

30
Q

Mention site of BALT

A

At branching points of bronchial tree

31
Q

Types of Abs secreted by BALT

A

IgA/IgE

32
Q

Mention contents of lamina propria of large bronchioles

A

Elastic fibers & smooth muscle fibers

33
Q

Lining mucosa of small bronchioles

A

Simple columnar to cubical partially ciliated epithelium with club cells
L.P. still has elastic fibers
Smooth muscle fibers comprise high proportion of the wall surrounded by connective tissue

34
Q

Give reason: goblet cells disappear just before the level where cilia disappear

A

To avoid accumulation of secretions

35
Q

Lining epithelium of terminal bronchioles

A

Simple ciliated cuboidal epithelium with non-ciliated club cells

36
Q

Clara don’t have cilia instead they have …..

A

Blunt microvilli

37
Q

Enumerate functions of Clara cells

A

Secrete surfactant
Detoxificaation of inhaled harmful substances
Secretion of antimicrobial peptides and cytokines
Progenitor cells

38
Q

What happens when smooth muscle of brochiole contract

A

Increase airway resistance ==> asthma attack

39
Q

Lining epithelium of respiratory bronchioles

A

Simple cuboidal ciliated epithelium with club cells

40
Q

Lining epithelium of alveolar duct

A

Low cubical epithelium

41
Q

Fibers found in alveolar duct and their function

A
  1. Elastic fibers allow expansion and recoil.

2. Reticular fibers give support and prevent over-distension.

42
Q

Lining epithelium of alveoli

A

Alveolar epithelium

43
Q

Junctions between alveolar epithelium

A

Tight junctions

44
Q

Functions of type I pneumocytes

A
  • Type I cells maintain the alveolar side of blood-air barrier.
  • Gas exchange
45
Q

Mention the marker for type II pneumocytes

A

Membrane-bound lamellar bodies that contain pulmonary surfactant (phospholipid material)

46
Q

Functions of type II pneumocytes

A

Synthesize and sectrete pulmonary surfactant which decrease surface tension
Regenerate both types of cells

47
Q

Describe mechanism of surfactant turn-over

A

It is removed by pinocytosis by both types of pneumocytes and by macrophages then re-secreted by type II pneumocytes

48
Q

Communication channels between alveoli

A

Alveolar pores

49
Q

Mention components of interalveolar septum

A
  1. Alveolar epithelium (I&II)
  2. Capillary network
  3. Fused basement membrane of alveolar epithelium & endothelial cells
  4. Network of reticular, elastic & collagenous fibers containing connective tissue cells.
50
Q

Mention components and function of blood-air barrier.

A
  1. Pulmonary surfactant
  2. Type I pneumocytes
  3. Fused basal lamina of 1&2
  4. Continuous endothelium of blood capillaries
51
Q

Type of capillary network in interalveolar septum

A

Continuous non-fenestrated

52
Q

What are heart failure cells and their fate?

A

Macrophages which phagocytose extravasated blood in cases of congestive heart failure.
They are either coughed out with sputum or migrate to hilar lymph nodes

53
Q

Epithelium of pleura is …… .

A

Simple squamous mesothelium

54
Q

Lining epithelium of vocal cords

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinised

55
Q

Structures binding large and small cartilages of larynx

A

Ligaments and voluntary muscles of lamina propria

56
Q

Large cartilages are

A

Hyaline cartilages

57
Q

Small cartilages are

Mention their fate

A

Elastic cartilage

Ossify in old age

58
Q

Menrion parts of epiglottis lined by stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium, then give reason.

A

Lingual surface & the upper part of the laryngeal surface because they are subjected to minor abrasions when they come in contact with swallowed material

59
Q

Lining epithelium of basal part of laryngeal surface of epiglottis

A

Pseudo-stratified columnar cilated epithelium with goblet cells

60
Q

Lamina propria of epiglottis is supported by

A

Elastic cartilage

61
Q

Compare histological features of mucosa of vestibular and vocal folds

A

Vestibular: respiratory epithelium, serous glands in L.P.
Vocal: stratified squamous, elastic fibers and vocalis muscle in L.P.

62
Q

Functions of larynx

A
  1. Cartilages:
    Supporting role, prevent swallowed food or fluid from entering trachea, sound production.
  2. Coughing reflex
63
Q

Reslult of laryngitis

A

Change or complete loss of voice

64
Q

Benign lesion occuring frequently in true vocal cors

A

Singer’s nodules

Respiratory Histology (1 decks)

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