Conducting experiments Flashcards
Diode population into subgroups (strata) and randomly sample from each strata
- ensures small groups are included
Stratified sampling
Every member of a population has equal chance of being sampled
Simple random sampling
First, randomly determine number of provinces, then health boards, then sample
Cluster sampling
Get a sample that meets some pre-defined purpose
Purposive sampling
Measure manipulated by experimenter
Independent variable
Like stratified sampling, but using convenience procedures. (Strata + convenience)
Quota sampling
Follows instruction of the experimenter, not a real subject - create a particular state
Confederate
The extent to which the two groups differ (in a standard two group design)
Manipulation strength
What the experimenter is measuring
Dependent variable
Percent correct (type of measure)
Accuracy measure
Response time.
Response duration.
(Type of measure)
Latency measures
When performance on the DV is so low that is cannot go lower
Floor effect
When the performance on the DV is so high that it cannot go higher
Ceiling effect
Any characteristic that might inform the subject about the purpose of the study
Subjects tend to (consciously and unconsciously) change behavior to confirm hypothesis
Demand characteristics
Experimenter can unintentionally bias the subject to behave in certain ways
Experimenter bias
Experimenter does not know which condition the subject is in
Double blind study
A “trail run” to try out experiment
Pilot study
Can be done as part of a study or as a separate study
Check to see if manipulation is appropriate
Manipulation check
A direct observation of behaviors.
Ex: self reports
Behavioral measures
The independent variable might appear to have no effect on the dependent measure only because participants quickly reach maximum performance level (task is too easy)
Ceiling effect
When a task is too difficult that hardly anyone performs well
Floor effect
Opportunity for researcher to interact with participants to discuss ethical and educational implications of the study
Debriefing
Attempt to disguise the DV by using an unobtrusive measure or by placing the measure amount of set of _____ on a questionnaire
Filler items
Is a recording of a response of the body
Physiological measures
Can be used to measure explicit attitudes, liking for someone, judgements about someone’s personality characteristics, intended behaviors, emotional states, attributions about why someone performed well or poorly on a task, confidence in ones judgements, descriptive anchors are commonly used.
Self-report measure
Participant is unaware of whether a placebo or the actual drug is being administered
Single blind procedure
Stage event cents that occur during the experiment in order to manipulate the independent variable successfully
Staged manipulations
Operationally define independent variables using instructions and stimulus presentations
Straightforward manipulations
