Conduct investigation

Question 0

What do investigators base appropriate and accountable decision making on?

Answer 0

Appropriate and accountable decision making is based on investigators knowledge of:
• The legal framework
• Characteristics of crime
• National policies and procedures

Question 1

What are ‘heuristics?

Answer 1

Working rules developed through on the job learning experience.

Question 2

Good decision are based on a process of reasoning based on what steps?

Answer 2

Good decisions are reached through a process of reasoning based on these steps.

1. Acknowledge that a situation of problem exists
2. Identify, isolate and analyse the problem clearly.
3. Formulate a clear objection
4. Gather all the data and information required to determine the ways in which the aim might be achieved.
5. Draw up a list on the information, of all the possible ways in which the aim might be achieved.
6. Weigh and study each of these alternatives individually
7. Prepare a plan for putting the selected course into action

Question 3

What is the appreciation technique?

Answer 3

Aim, factors, courses open, plan

Question 4

In regards to investigation What is an aim?

Answer 4

• Short statement of intent beginning with a verb

* Express clearly and concisely in definite terms

Question 5

In regards to investigation what is a factor

Answer 5

A statement of truth about some know influence/circumstance.Factors include seriousness, pattern of offences, time available, witnesses, suspects, material available to date, history of parties, weather at time etc.

Question 6

What is a short appreciation used for

Answer 6

• For urgent or pressing problems requiring immediate action
• Helpful for non urgent problems that are not complicated or complex
• Applicable to daily police duties

Question 7

What is a full appreciation used for

Answer 7

High level or difficult tactical or administrative problems.

Question 8

What is ‘the investigative mindset’?

Answer 8

This is an attitude/state of mind that investigators adopt and develop over time.
• Values of integrity, respect, professionalism

Question 9

What are the four key areas that underpin the investigative mindset

Answer 9

• core legislation
• characteristics of crime
• national policies and procedures
• investigative techniques

Question 10

What will the investigative mindset allow you to do?

Answer 10

Apply principled approach to collection and evaluation of material
• Use logical and deductive reasoning techniques to progress the investigation
• Make investigative decisions appropriate to the case
• Evaluate and validate your decision making

Question 11

Name two methods of criminal investigation - explain them.

Answer 11

• reactive – starts with discovery of a crime

* proactive – info or intelligence suggesting criminal activity

Question 12

Explain “material”

Answer 12

Substance of any kind, including info and objects, sounds and images, obtained in the course of a criminal investigation that has some bearing on any offence under investigation or any person being investigated, or on the surrounding circumstances in the case.

Question 13

What five steps are taken to applying the investigative mindset?

Answer 13

1. Understand the source of the material
2. Plan and prepare
3. Examine all material
4. Collate and record
5. Evaluate

Question 14

Name three types of evaluation: What are they used for?

Answer 14

1. Investigative Evaluation – to determine: what is not/known, inconsistencies, conflicts
2. Evidential Evaluation – considers the overall strength of the case, and whether sufficient evidence exists to proceed with charge.
3. Self/Peer Evaluation – Review assumptions, decision making, info, communication, dissemination, lessons learned

Question 15

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 15

A hypothesis is a buidling scenario that best explains the available material.

Question 16

What is ‘relevance’?

Answer 16

RELEVANCE (it has some bearing on the investigation)

Question 17

What is reliability

Answer 17

RELIABILITY - independent corroboration of the material that is to be used as evidence is tested

Question 18

Under the victim rights act 2002, what is a child?

Answer 18

Child is under 14 years old

Question 19

When can meetings occur between victim and offender?

Answer 19

• Victim and offender must agree to do so

* It must be practical and the circumstances appropriate

Question 20

What must a victim be given asap?

Answer 20

As soon as practicable must be given info about
• progress of investigation of offence
• charges laid or reasons for not doing so
• victims role as a witness in the prosecution
• date and place of each event
• every final disposition of all proceedings

Question 21

under victim privacy, what may not be given to the court?

Answer 21

The victims address or phone number

Question 22

What does S.25 say in relation to victim impact statements?

Answer 22

S.25 says that judicial officer may order that an offender and their lawyer not be given of shown any part of the VIS, if in their opinion it is necessary to protect physical safety of the victim.

Question 23

What does S.28 say about publishing the name of an offender?

Answer 23

S.28 victims views on application for order prohibiting publication of name of offender

Question 24

Under S.30, what must be ascertained?

Answer 24

victims views about release on bail

Question 25

What is a S.29 offence

Answer 25

one of sexual violation or other serious assault or resulted in serious injury or death, or in person being incapable,

Question 26

What must a victim of a S.29 offence be told and when?

Answer 26

must be given reasonable notice of release, or be notified asap on escape.

Question 27

What is VNR

Answer 27

Victim Notification Register

Question 28

Under S.35 a victim must be informed of what?

Answer 28

• S.35 notification of temp release from , escape, abscondment or death in jail.
Victim to whom this applies, must be given reasonable notice of release, or be notified asap on escape.

Question 29

What are the following forms? 
1065
1060
400
128
392
14A
CSV1
143

Answer 29

1065 VNR – only s.29 victims can go on this
1060 Record of victim contact
128 Op to Bail
14A CAF
392 VIS​
CSV1 Service to victims

Question 30

Who is a ‘victim?

Answer 30

A victim is:
• person against whom offence is committed
• suffers physical injury, loss, damage to property
• parent of legal guardian of child of yp who is one of the above
• member of immediate family who as a result of offence committed by another dies or is incapable
• Under s.7 & 8 a victim is also person who by offence committed by another suffers emotional harm, witnesses, (ie. Teller in robbery), people living in fear because of serious crime being committed locally.

Question 31

Victims are entitled to a support person. Under S.4 a support person is:

Answer 31

Victims are entitled to support person. Under s.4 they are:
• spouse, cu partner, de facto of victim
• parent or close relative of guardian of victim
• A social worker, welfare guardian or attorney appointed by victim
In terms of victims rights acts ‘child’ is under 14.
In terms of evidence act 2006 ‘child’ is under 18

Question 32

What is a ‘witness?

Answer 32

A Witness is – person who gives evidence and is able to be cross-examined in a proceeding

Question 33

What is ‘frozen fright’

Answer 33

Frozen Fright – victim exhibits signs similar to shock – numbness, inactivity, fainting, nausea, vomiting, sweating, blood pressure deviation etc.

Question 34

What is fight or flight?

Answer 34

Fight or Flight – signs are hysteria, agitation, screaming, rapid speech.

Question 35

What are some long term victim reactions?

Answer 35

Long Term – Anger, fear, frustration, confusion, guilt, blame, grief, sorrow

Question 36

Under S.12 victims must be………..

Answer 36

informed of progress