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CONDITIONS to KNOW Flashcards

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1
Q

shock

A

inaqequate perfusion

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2
Q

dyspnea

A

shortness of breath

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3
Q

hypercarbia

A

increase co2 in blood

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4
Q

intrapulmonary shunting

A

blood returning to left side of heart unoxygenated

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5
Q

arterial air embolism

A

air in pulmonary vasculature

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6
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

heart fails to pump——> pulmonary edema

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7
Q

pulmonary edema

A

backup of blood into the lungs because left cant remove as fast as right gives (from cardiogenic shock)

fluid in alveolar sacs

s/s= dyspnea, rapid shallow breaths, sudden attack of rresp distress, coughing, cold sweats, tachycardia, cool cyanotic skin

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8
Q

edema

A

too much fluid in tissues leads to swelling

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9
Q

pericardial effusion

A

collection of fluid between pericardial sac and myocardium

can lead to cardiac tamponade

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10
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

fluid in pericardial sac creates extreme pressure that doesn’t allow adequate filling of heart

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11
Q

obstructive shock

A

mechanical obstruction prevents aquate blood to fill chambers of heart

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12
Q

pulmonary embolism

A

blood clot formed in vein breaks off and lodges in pulmonary artery

no gas exchange in blocked area

s/s= cyanosis, dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypoxia, chest pain, hemotypsis

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13
Q

distributive shock

A

widespread dilation of vessels, blood pools, less perfusion

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14
Q

septic shock

A

severe infection: toxin damages cellular wall= increased permeability

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15
Q

neurogenic shock

A

spinal cord injury damages nervous system that contracts/dilates vessels= vessels dilate

absence of sweating, normal HR during hypertension, normal skin

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16
Q

anaphylactic shock

A

person reacts violently to a substance they have been sensitized to, dilation

s/s= urticaria, angioedema, wheezing, hypotension, n/v, ab cramps

cyanosis is late sign

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17
Q

psychogenic shock

A

sudden nervous system reaction, temporary dilation, syncope

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18
Q

hypovolemic shock

A

inadequate amount of fluid in system

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19
Q

anemia

A

hypoxic tissues

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20
Q

hemorrhage

A

bleeding

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21
Q

hemoptysis

A

cough up red blood

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22
Q

hematoma

A

mass of blood collected in the tissue beneath skin

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23
Q

hematuria

A

red blood in urine

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24
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

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25
Q

melena

A

black, tarry stool containing digested blood

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26
Q

epistaxis

A

nose bleed

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27
Q

inflammation

A

cells move into damaged area to begin repair

wbc and lymphocytes fight pathogens

cells release histamine (dilate vessels)

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28
Q

contusion

A

bruise

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29
Q

crush syndrome

A

after 4 hours, muscles die and release harmful substances into surrounding tissue

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30
Q

compartment syndrome

A

edema+ swelling= increased pressure in soft-tissue injuries

circulation problem

s/s= extreme pain, pallor, less sensation and power

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31
Q

abrasion

A

wound of superficial layer

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32
Q

laceration

A

jagged cut, tears tissue

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33
Q

incision

A

sharp, smooth cut

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34
Q

avulsion

A

injury seperates layers of tissue, creates flap

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35
Q

evisceration

A

organs protrucde

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36
Q

superficial, 1st degree, burn

A

epidermis, red, no blisters

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37
Q

partial-thickness, 2nd degree, burn

A

epidermis and some dermis

moist, mottled, white to red

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38
Q

full-thickness, 3rd degree, burn

A

all layers, maybe muscles and bones too

dry, leathery, white, dark brown

no feeling

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39
Q

anisocoria

A

pupils arent equal

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40
Q

retinal detachment

A

retinas detach from choriod and sclera

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41
Q

mandible fracture

A

teeth misalligned, chin numb

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42
Q

maxillae fracture

A

face swollen, face bones unstable

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43
Q

conjunctivitis

A

conjunctiva inflammed and red

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44
Q

hyphema

A

bleeding into anterior globe

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45
Q

blow-out fracture

A

fracture to orbit bones

double vision

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46
Q

anterior epistaxis

A

from septum

slow bleed

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47
Q

posterior epistaxis

A

drain into throat

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48
Q

linear skull fracture

A

nondisplaced

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49
Q

depressed skull fracture

A

frontal and partial bones susceptible

brain fragments in head

s/s= loss of conciousness

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50
Q

basilar skull fracture

A

extension of liner fracture

s/s= racoon eyes, battle sign, csf drains

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51
Q

open skull fracture

A

skull is open

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52
Q

coup-contra-coup injury

A

hit object and recoil back

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53
Q

cerebral edema

A

swelling of brain tissue

from coup contrecoup

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54
Q

intracranial hemorrhage

A

bleeding inside brain

increased ICP

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55
Q

epidural hemtoma

A

blood accumulating between outside dura matter inside skul

from linear fracture

s/s= immediate loss of consciousness, pupils fixed and dilated

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56
Q

subdural hematoma

A

blood accumulating under dura matter

s/s= venous bleeding, slurred speech, fluctuating LOC

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57
Q

intracerebral hematoma

A

bleeding within brain tissue

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58
Q

subarachnoid hematoma

A

bleeding where CSF circulates

s/s= sudden severe headache, increase ICP

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59
Q

axial loading injury

A

load applied vertically on spine

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60
Q

simple pneumothorax

A

doesnt result in major changes in cardiac physiology

air in space between lungs and chest wall

s/s= increased reps rate

tachycardia

accessory muscles use

low O2 sat

subcutaneous emphysema

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61
Q

tension pneumothroax

A

significant air in pleural space

collapses lung, pushes mediastinum

s/s= JVD, cyanosis, tracheal deviation

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62
Q

hemothrax

A

blood accumulating in pleural space

s/s= shock s/s, ex bleeding

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63
Q

flail chest

A

3+ ribs fractured in 2+ places

= chest detatched

s/s= paradoxical motion

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64
Q

pulmonary contusion

A

bruised lung

pulmonary alveoli fill with blood

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65
Q

traumatic asphyxia

A

sudden chest comprssion—–> increased chest pressure

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66
Q

commotio cardis

A

sudden, direct blow to chest

from fast ball/object

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67
Q

laceration of great vessels

A

causes fatal hemorhagge

s/s of shock and chest wound

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68
Q

gastric distention

A
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69
Q

s/s of external bleeding

A

increase HR, increse RR, hypotension

poor gen appearance, no response to stimuli

s/s of shock

significant blood loss, cant control

significant MOI

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70
Q

s/s of internal bleeding

A

local contusion/ eccymosis

tender abdominal, guarding, rigidity, pain

older= dizzy, weak

later signs= tachycardia, n/v, thirst, cold clammy skin, shallow rapid breathing, dull eyes, dilated pupils, weak pulse, hypotension, altered LOC

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71
Q

toxic gas inhalation s/s

A

cherry red, blood ox is normal

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72
Q

carbon monoxide poisoning s/s

A

faintness, anxiety, abnormal vitals, headache, seizures, paralysis coma, n/v, impaired LOC

cherry red

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73
Q

eye injury following head injury s/s

A

one pupil larger

eyes not moving together

eyes cant follow

bleeding in sclera

bulging

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74
Q

blast injury to eye s/s

A

pain

loss of vision

foreign bodies

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75
Q

ruptured tympanic membrane s/s

A

severe pain, hard to hear, ringing in ear

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76
Q

facial fracute

A

direct blow to mouth/ nose

bleeding mouth, can’t swallow

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77
Q

laryngeal injury s/s

A

respiratory disress

hoarseness

pain

cant swallow

cyanosis

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78
Q
A
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79
Q

s/s of increased ICP

A

MAJOR= increase systolic BP, low pulse rate, irregular resps

cheyne-stokes or biotic respirations

H

n/v

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80
Q
A
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81
Q

s/s of traumatic brain injury

A

CUSHING TRIAD

hypertension

bradycardia

irregular respirations

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82
Q

s/s of chest injury

A

local pain that increases when breathing

crepitus

hemoptysis

rapid weak pulse, hypotension

bruising, penetratoion

dyspnea

cyanosis

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83
Q
A
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84
Q

subcutanous emphysema

A
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85
Q

peritonitis

A

infection of the peritoneum( lines ab cavity)

s/s= severe ab pain, tender, muscle spasm

later- bowel sounds diminish, n/v, ab distention

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86
Q

abdominal trauma s/s

A

rigidity, bruising around belly buttoms (periumbilical bruising)

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87
Q

s/s spleen injury

A

left shoulder pain

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88
Q

s/s liver injury

A

pain to right shoulder

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89
Q

appendix inflammation s/s

A

pain in RLQ

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90
Q

galbladder problem s/s

A

pain under ribs on right side

or

between shoulder blades

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91
Q

open abdominal injury s/s

A

pain, tachycardia

later- shock s/s, hypotension, cool clammy skin, changed LOC, ab distention

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92
Q

hollow organs injury s/s

A

DELAYED 2hrs

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93
Q
A
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94
Q

ruptured diaphragm s/s

A

dyspnea, SOB

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95
Q
A
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96
Q

kidney injury s/s

A

hematuria

flank pain, contusion, laceration, hematoma

fractured rib cage or vertabrae

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97
Q

s/s of penetrating ab injury

A

n/v, pain during ovement

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98
Q
A
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99
Q

s/s of damaged internal female genitalia PREGANT

A

shock, contractions, hypotension

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100
Q

external female genital injury s/s

A

extreme pain, vag bleeding

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101
Q

urinary bladder injury s/s

A

blood at uretral opening

trauma to lower ab or pelvis

blood in underwear

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102
Q

rectal bleeding s/s

A

blood in underwear

blood in stool

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103
Q

non displaced fracture

A

simple fracture

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104
Q

comminuted fracture

A

bone broken in 2+ segments

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105
Q

epiphyseal fracture

A

fracture occuring in growth section of child bone

leads to growth abdormality

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106
Q

greenstick fracture

A

incomplete fracture in children

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107
Q

incomplete fracture

A

doesnt run completely through bone

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108
Q

pathologic fracture

A

weakened bone fracture

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109
Q

spiral fracture

A

caused by twisting force creating spiral break

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110
Q

transverse fracture

A

straigt across bone from direct blow

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111
Q

crepitus

A

grinding sensation when bone ends rub together

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112
Q

s/s of dislocation

A

marked deformity

swelling

pain, tenderness

locked joint

impaired circulation to limb (numb?)

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113
Q

sprain

A

when joint it twisted/stretched beyond normal range of motion

injuries to ligaments and tendons

s/s= guarding, swelling/eccymosis at joint, pain prevents normal movement

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114
Q

strain

A

stretching/tearing of muscles and tendons

s/s= pain, swelling and bruising,

no deformity

snap sound, sharp pain with movement, weak muscle, point tenderness

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115
Q

clavicle injury

A

common

s/s= pain in shoulder, swelling and point tenderness

child= pain in entire arm

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116
Q

scapula injury

A

well protected, probably other issues

s/s= abrasion, contusion, swelling, limited use of arm

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117
Q

AC seperation

A

dislocation of AC joint

s/s= clavical stick out, pain, point tenderness

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118
Q

shoulder dislocation

A

dislocation of glenohumeral joint

s/s= gruadring, humeral head protrudes, numb patch on shoulders or hands

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119
Q

fracture to distal humerus

A

supracondylar or intercondyalar

s/s= rapid, severe swelling

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120
Q

dislocation of elbow

A

ulna and radius displaces posteriorly

s/s= locked joint, forearm flexed at arm

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121
Q

fracture of ulna (olecranon process)

A

s/s= lac, abras, unable to extend elbow

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122
Q

distal radius fracture

A

colles fracture

s/s= silver fork deformity

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123
Q

pelvis fracture s/s

A

tenderness/ instability when palpating

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124
Q

posterior hip dislocation s/s

A

knee joint drawn up to chest

thigh roated inwards

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125
Q

general hip dislocation s/s

A

severe pain in hip

resistance to joint movement

tender hips

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126
Q

proximal femur fractures

A

common in elderly

s/s= lie with leg externally rotated

injured leg is shorter

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127
Q

femoral shaft fracture

A

s/s= deformity

external rotation

imb shortens

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128
Q

knee ligament injury s/s

A

pain in joint

cant use extremity

swelling, ecymosis

point tenderness

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129
Q

knee dislocation

A

true emergency

s/s= pain in knee

knee gave out

deformity

limited range of motion

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130
Q

fracture about knee

A

local tenderness, swelling, deformity

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131
Q

dislocation of patella s/s

A

deformity

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132
Q

ankle injury s/s

A

swelling, pain, tenderness

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133
Q

foot injury

A

often translated up to spine

s/s= significant swelling

usually little deformities

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134
Q
A
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135
Q

external route of admin

A

enter though digestive system

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136
Q

parenteral route of admin

A

enter way other than digestion

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137
Q

IO injection

A

though bone in bone marrow

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138
Q

zofran

A

indication- nasea

contra- active vomit, hypersensitivity, 1st trimester pregnancy

route- oral tablet

dose- 4mg

action- sterotonin antagonist

SE- fatigue, dizzy, H, flushing, hiccups

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139
Q

oral glucose

A

action- increase glucose

indic.- hypoglycemia

contra- can’t protect airway

route- buccal

dose-15-25 grams

SE- none

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140
Q

buccal route

A

held in cheek

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141
Q

aspitin

A

trade- bayer, bufferin

action- anti-inflamm, anti- platelete cogaulant

ind- chest discomfort

contra- max dose, allergy

dose- 324 mg

SE- upper GI and ulcer irritation

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142
Q

nitroglycerin

A

action-vasodilator

indic- chest discomfort

cont- <100 systolic, ED meds (cialis, viagra)

route- sublingual

dose- 4mg, 3-5 mins, 3 max

SE- burning taste, H, BP drop

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143
Q

epinephrine

A

action- SNS mimic

indic- analphylaxix

cont- none

route- IM

dose- .3mg adult, .15 ped

SE- tachycardia, n/v, H, dizzy

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144
Q

activated charcoal

A

action- binds to toxins

cont- cant swallow or follow directions, acids or alkalines

route- ingestion

dose- 1gm/kg

SE- aspiration, black tarry stools

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145
Q

naloxone

A

trade- narcan

act- opiod antagonist

ind- resp depression

cont- hypersensitivity

route- intranasal

dose- .5-2 mg

SE- tachycardia, n/v, pulmonary edema

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146
Q

oxygen

A

ind- dyspnea, shock, spo2 <93

contra- hyperoxia, normoxia, AMI, stroke,neonate

dose- 1-15 lpm

route- inhalation

SE- vasocontriction

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147
Q

MDI

A

action- bronchodilator

ind- dyspnea

cont- max dose given

route- inhalation

SE- tachycardia, n/v, dry mouth, tremors

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148
Q

albuterol

A

action- bronchodilation

ind- dyspnea, wheezes

contra- underlying cardiac condition

route- nebulizer

dose- 2.5 mg in 3ml buller

SE- tachycardia, termors, dry mouth, N/V

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149
Q

toxin inhalation s.s

A

burning eyes

sore throat

cough, weezing, hoarseness, stridor

chest pan

dizzy, confusion

seizures

altered LOC

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150
Q

injected poison s/s

A

weakness, dizzy, fever, chills, unresponsive, easily excitd

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151
Q

delerium tremors

A

from alcohol withdrawl

agitation

fear

sweatng

tremors

confusion

delusion

seizures

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152
Q

opiods

A

CNS depressant

s/s= nasuea, vomiting

seizures

sedated, unconcoious

cyanosis

PINPOINT PUPILS

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153
Q

sedative-hypnotic drug

A

CNS depressant

s/s= similar to alcohol

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154
Q

abused inhalants

A

inhaled by huffing

s/s= SEIZURES, altered LOC, loss of brain function, vFIB

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155
Q

hydrogen sulfide

A

s/s= n/v

confusion

dyspnea

low LOC

seizures

shock

coma

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156
Q

symathomimetrics

A

CNS stimulant

hypertension

tachycardia

dilated pupils

paranoia/ delusion

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157
Q

synthetic cathinones

A

bath salts

teeth grinding, apatite loss, muscle twitching, lip- smacking, confusion, gi conditions, paranoia, H, tachycardia

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158
Q

marijuana s/s

A

euphoria

relaxation

drowsiness

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159
Q

hallucinogens s/s

A

hypertension, tachycardia

anxiety, paranoia

hyperthrermia

dilated pupils

dry, red skin

agitation

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160
Q

cholinergic agents

A

oversimulate PNS

salvation, drooling, runny nose, excessive pee

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161
Q

aspirin OD s/s

A

n/v, hyperventilation, ear ringing, anxiety, tachypnea, hyperthermia

162
Q

v-fib

A

disorganized quivering of ventricles leads to no forward blood flow and cardiac arrest

163
Q

v-tach

A

rapid contraction of ventricles doesnt allow normal filling of heart

164
Q

atelectasis

A

collapsed alveoli

165
Q

s/s of inadequate breathing

A

AMS, anxious or somulent (fatigued)

abdormal resp rate and rhythm

skin is pale cool cyanotic

adventitious breath sounds

struggling to speak

accessory muscle use

coughing

tripod position

pursed lips, nasal flaring

166
Q

croup

A

inflammation/swelling of upper airway

usually children

s/s= cold s/s, cough, low-grade fever for 2 days

*****stridor******

167
Q

epiglottitis

A

inflammation of epiglottis from bacterial infection

s/s= SUDDEN, look ill, sore throat, high fever, tripod position, drooling, stridor (LATE)

168
Q

resp syncitial virus (RSV)

A

infction to lungs and breathing passages

young children

s/s= dehydration

169
Q

bronchiolititis

A

RSV infection leads to inflammation of bronchioles

mostly boy kids

170
Q

pnemonia

A

infection of lungs, from RSV

bronchioles bloked, alveoli fill with fluid

s/s KIDS = rapid labored breaths, grunting, wheezing, cyanotic lips or fingers

171
Q

bacterial pnemonia

A

quicker, sever symptoms

high fever

172
Q

s/s of adult pnemonia

A

dry skin, dspnea, cough, chest discomfort, H, n/v

173
Q
A
174
Q

viral pnemonia

A

gradual, less severe symtoms

175
Q

pertussis

A

whooping cough

airborne bacterial infection, mostly children

s/s KID= fever, whoop inspiration sound, bad cough, vomit

s/s ADULT= no whoop, severe upper resp infection can lead to pnemonia

176
Q

influenza type a

A

direct contact with droplets

s/s= fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, H, fatigue

can lead to pnemonia

177
Q

TB

A

bacterial infection spread by cough

can remain dormant and come active, can affect any organ

s/s= fever, coughing, night sweats, weight loss

SEVERE= shortness of breath, productive sputum, blood suptum, chest pain

178
Q
A
179
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

COPD, slow dilaation/destruction of airway and alveoli from chronic bronchial obstruction

emphysema and chronic bronchititis

180
Q

emphysema

A

COPD form

loss of elasticity in lungs leads to broken, stretched alveolar membranes

barrel chest, crackling chest sounds

181
Q

chronic broncititis

A

COPD

s/s= produce suputum, chronic cough, difficulty expelling air, wheezing, crackles, diminished breath sounds

182
Q

rhonchi and crackles (dry lung sounds) are indicative of

A

pulmonaary edema

183
Q

wheezes and chronic asthma (dry lung sounds) are indicative of

A

COPD

184
Q

asthma

A

acute spasm of bronchioles from increased mucus production and swelling of mucus lining

s/s= wheezing (lower airway ob)

SEVERE- no lung sounds, cyanosis, reps sisters, anaphylaxis

185
Q

hay fever

A

aka allergic rhinitis

allergic response to something outside

s/s= runny nose, sneeze, congestion, sinus pressure

186
Q

spontaneous pneumothorax

A

air in PLEURAL SPACE from a medical condition

from emphysema, asthma, chronic lung illness

s/s= dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain (sharp pain on side when respuiration)

187
Q

pleural effusion

A

collection of fluid outside lung in PLEURAL CAVITY causing dyspnea

s/s= sudden dyspnea, shortness of breath, decreased breath sounds

188
Q
A
189
Q

hyperventilation

A

over-breathing makes co2 level below normal

contricted blood vessels

s/s= anxiety, dizzy, numbness, air hunger, tingling ext, carpopedal spasms, chest pain

190
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

genetic disorder that predisposes to repeated lung infections

from thick mucus

191
Q

snoring breath sounds indicate

A

partial upper airway obstruction

192
Q

wheezing breathing sounds indicate

A

lower (bronchi) airway obstruction

constriction

ASTHMA

193
Q

crackling breath sounds indicate

A

congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema

194
Q

ronchi/rattling chest sounds indicate

A

pnemonia, bronchitis

MUCUs

195
Q

stridor sounds indicate

A

partial trachea obstruction

196
Q

rales (crackling, bubbling) breath sounds indicate

A

FLUID

197
Q

electrical pulses start in ____ and go to ____

A

SA

AV

198
Q

sympathetic nervous system does this to the body

A

tachycardia

dilate vessels in mucles

contricts vessels in digestive dystem

199
Q

parasympathetic nervous system does this to the body

A

bradycardia

bradypnea

dilate vessels in digestive system

200
Q

coronary arteries supply blood to

A

heart muscle

201
Q

carotid artery supplies blood to

A

head and brain

202
Q

subclavian artery supplies blood to

A

upper extremities

203
Q

brachial artery supplies blood to

A

lower arms and hands

204
Q

iliac artery supplies blood to

A

groin, pelvis, legs

205
Q

femoral artery supplies blood to

A

lower legs and feet

206
Q

orthopnea

A

trouble breathing when laying down

207
Q

ischemia

A

decreased blood flow to heart

208
Q

atherosclerosis

A

calcium and cholsetoral bruild up on vessels, obstructing blood flow and ability to contract/dilate

209
Q

thromboembolism

A

blood clot from atherosis breaking loose

210
Q

AMI

A

block in artery from atherosis creates myocardial damage (cant revive)

s/s= sudden weakness, n/v, sweating, crushing chest pain, pain in lower jaw, back, arms

irregular heart beat, syncope, dypnea, pink seputum

sudden death

211
Q

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

A

group of symtoms caused by myocardial ischemia

212
Q

angina pectoris

A

brief time of myocardium not getting enough oxygen

from exertion and resolved with rest

s/s= crushing, squeezing, pain under sternum, 3-8 minutes, shortness of breath, n/v, sweating

213
Q

congestive heart failure

A

after AMI, heart is do damaged that it can’t keep up with return flow of blood

tachycardia, left ventricle enlarges

pulmonary edema or dependent edema

214
Q

dependent edema

A

swelling in feet, pitting in body

215
Q

hypertensive emergency

A

sys > 180

s/s= H, strong pulse, ringing in ears, n/v, dizzy, warm skin

216
Q

aortic aneurysm

A

aorta wall weakens

217
Q

dissecting aneurysm

A

blood flows between layers of aorta

s/s= sudden chest pain, tearing pain

218
Q

cardiac arrest

A

complete cessation of cardiac activity

absence of carotid pulse

219
Q

diabetes metillus type 1

A

immune system produces antibodies against beta cells

missing insulin, glucose cant enter cells

s/s= polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue

220
Q

diabetic ketoacidosis

A

fat is metabolized from lack of glucose in cells, ketones produces

s/s= generalized illness, body aches, n/v, AMS

BGL>400

221
Q

type 2 diabetes

A

resistance to effects of insulin

s/s= recurrent infection, change in vision, numb feet

222
Q

hyperglycemia

A

can lead to HHNS

s/s= hyperglycemia, AMS, dehydration, visual/sensory deficit, partial paralysis, muscle weak, seizures

hyposomolarity (conc blood from dehydration)

dry, warm skin

223
Q

hypoglycemia

A
224
Q

sickle cell disease

A

inherited blood disorder creating abdomally shaped RBC

s/s= hypoxia, joint pain, swelling extremities, vision issues, organ damage, anemia, gallstones, jaundice, splenic dysfunction

225
Q

hemophilia

A

decreased ability to clot after injury

226
Q

(deep vein) thrombophilia

A

blood clots spontanously develop

s/s= pain, leg swelling, SOB, chest pain

227
Q
A
228
Q

tension headache

A

muscle contractions in head and neck from stress

s/s= squeezing, dull, ache

229
Q

migraine headache

A

from changes in vessel size at the base of the brain

s/s= history of migraines, pounding, throbbing, pulsating, n/v, flashing lights, partial vision loss

230
Q

sinus headache

A

from pressure because of fluid accumulation in sinus cavities

s/s= cold-like, nasal congestion, cough, fever

231
Q

a headache is life threatening if it is accompanied by

A

fever

stiff neck

seizures

AMS

following head trauma

232
Q

stroke

A

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

interruption of blood flow to brain

233
Q

ischemic stroke

A

blood though cerebral arteries is blocked by clot (thrombosis or embolus)

s/s= loss of movement on opposite side of clot, varied

234
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

blood vessel ruptures, accumulated blood creates clot that prevents blood flow

s/s= sudden onset severe headache

235
Q

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

brain blood flow obscured from atherosclerosis or clot

resolves on own within 24 hours

WARNING OF FUTURE STROKE

236
Q

left hemisphere stroke

A

aphasia (can’t produce/understand speech)

237
Q

right hemisphere stroke

A

trouble moving muscles on left side

238
Q

postictal state of seizure

A

5-30 mins

weak, exhaustion, sleepy

239
Q

seizure

A

surge of electrical activity in the brain

240
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

aka generalized seizure or petit mal

sudden loss of conciousness followed by chaotic muscle movement

s/s= tachycardia, hyperventilation, sweating, salvation, unconsciousness, severe twitching

241
Q

partial seizure

A

aka focal seizure

one part of the brain, less intense

242
Q

simple partial (focal) seizure

A

no change in LOC

s/s= numb, weak, dizzy, visual or sensory defecit, undramatic twitching, brief paralysis

243
Q

complex partial (focal) seizure

A

AMS

abdormal environment interaction

s/s= lip smacking, eye blinking, isolated convulsions/jerking, repetitive behavior

244
Q

febrile seizure

A

sudden fever and seizure in children

245
Q

incontinence

A

loss of bladder/ bowel control

246
Q

aura stage of seizure

A

hallucination

dizzy

confusion

numbness

distorted emotions

247
Q

tonic stage of seizure

A

stiff body

incontinence

epileptic cry

back arched

248
Q

clonic stage of seizure

A

jerky movements

frothy saliva

blinking eyes

249
Q

causes of AMS

A

hypoglycemia

delerium

head injury

intoxication

med complication

infection in brain or bloostream

250
Q

FAST neumonic for stroke assessment

A

facial droop, arm drift, speech, time of normalcy

251
Q

behavioral crisis/psych emergency

A

severe impairment in daily activities or actions inappropriate to the public

s/s= agitated, violent, uncooperative, dangerous

252
Q

organic (physical) brain syndrome

A

brain has physical damage to tissues

253
Q

functional (psycological) brain sydrome

A

brain is normal physically

psych disorder effects body functions

254
Q

psychosis

A

state of delusion, out of touch with reality

s/s= beligerent, angry, silent, withdrawn

255
Q

excited delerium

A

aka agitated delerium or exhaustive mania

impairment in cognitive function

s/s= disorientation, hallucination, delusions, hypertension, tachycardia, diaphoresis, dilated pupils

256
Q

positional asphyxia

A

physical position restirics chest wall movements or causes airway obstruction

257
Q

lateral decubitis position

A

one arm above head

for physically uncooperative patients

258
Q

manic depressive

A

severe mood swings

drugs: lithium, halperidol, thorazine

259
Q

PTSD

A

s/s= helplesness

anger, fear

avoidance of reminders

delusions

260
Q

dissociative PTSD

A

person tried to find a way to escape event and internal distress

261
Q
A
262
Q

peritonitis

A

irritation of the peritoneum

263
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of small pockets at weak areas in muscle walls

spike in temperature

264
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder from gallstone blocking pathway

265
Q

parteil peritonitis

A

pain to touch, pressure, heat, cold

266
Q

visceral peritonitis

A

deep pain, referred pain, generalized, less severe

267
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

protective layer eroded, acid eats into organ

ELDERS

s/s= burning, gnawing stomach pain after eating, n/v, belching, hematemesis, melena

268
Q

gallstone

A

form and block outlet

complete block= cholecystis

c/c= constant severe pain, n/v, indigestion, boating, gas, belching

269
Q
A
270
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of appendix

s/s= pain in umbilical area, n/v, anorexia, fever, chills, rebound tenderness

271
Q

GI hemorrhage

A

symptom of other disease

upper tract- hematemis

lower tract- melena

272
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

spinter between espohagus and stomach opens and stomach acid moves into esophagus

s/s= heartburn, pain swallowing, feels like object is stuck, n/v, mouth sores

273
Q

esophageal varicies

A

pressire surrounding esophagus increases from liver failure

bleeding from esopagus

s/s= sudden pain near sternum or esophagus, diff swallowing, hematemisis, hypotension, s/s of shock

274
Q

mallory-weiss tear

A

tear between esophagus and stomach, leads to severe bleeding and death

s/s= VOMIT, bleeding

275
Q

gastroenteritis

A

infection and diarrhea

n/v, upset stomach, cramping, fever, anorexia

276
Q

diverticulitis

A

bulges in colon wall turn into pouches that collect feces

creates inflammation and infection

s/s= ab pain, fever, body aches, chills, n/v

277
Q

hemorrhoids

A

swelling/inflammation of blood vessels surrounding rectum

s/s= blood during defecation, itching, small mass on rectum

278
Q

cystitis

A

bladder infection

aka UTI

s/s= lower ab pain, frequent urination, pain around bladder

279
Q

kidney failure

A

loss of ability to create waste

acute or chronic

280
Q

kidney stone

A

s/s= flank and groin pain, hard to relieve pain, n/v, hematuria

281
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of organ or tissue

282
Q
A
283
Q

serious s/s of insect stings

A

bronchospasm, wheezing, chest tightness, coughing, dyspnea, anxiety, GI complains, hypotension

284
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

infection of upper female reproductive organs

s/s= generalized ab pain, foul-smelling discharge, pain during sex, fever, n/v, anorexia

285
Q

chlamydia

A

most common STD

s/s= lower ab paain, low back pain, n, fever, pain during sex, bleeding off period

286
Q

bacterial vaginosis

A

overgrowth of abnormal bacteria

s/s= itching, burning, fishy discharge

287
Q

gonorrhea

A

bacteria grows rapidly in warm areas

s/s women= painful urination, yellow bloody discharge, odor, blood during sex

288
Q

rectal infection s/s

A

anal discharge

itching

painful bowel movement

289
Q

s/s of date rape drugs

A

can’t remember events

weak, confused

loss of conciousness

loss of muscle compliance

290
Q
A
291
Q

gestational diabetes

A

during preganacy, resolves after delivery

in people who haven’t had diabetes before too

292
Q

preeclampsia

A

pregnancy induced hypertension

s/s=H, visual abnormality, hand feet edema, anxiety, n/v

293
Q

eclampsia

A

seizures as a result of preeclampsia

294
Q

supine hypotensive syndrome

A

compression of vena cava by uterus while laying supine

295
Q

ectopic pregancy

A

fetus growing outside uterus in fallopian tubes

missed period, pain in lover ab

296
Q

abtruptio placenta

A

placenta prematurely seperates from wall of uterus from hypertension or trauma

s/s=severe ab pain, vag. bleeding

297
Q

placenta previa

A

placenta develops over cervix and comes out first

298
Q

first stage of labor

A

begin-contractions

end-cervix dilated

longest (16hrs)

s/s= bloody show, water breaking

299
Q

false labor

A

aka baxton hicks contractions

regular contractions

change in position can alleviate pain

small fluid leakage

300
Q

true labor

A

stonger more frequent contractions

changing position doesnt help pain

water breaking

301
Q

ligtening

A

fetus descendng into pelvis

302
Q

second stage of labor

A

begin-fetus enters birth canal

end-delivery

crowning

303
Q

third stage of labor

A

begin-birth

end-delivery of placenta

contractions continue

up to 30 mins

304
Q

cephalic position

A

head first delivery

305
Q

nuchal cord

A

umbilical cord around the neck

306
Q

fundus

A

firm, grapefruit size mass in lower abdomen that is the upper end of the uterus

307
Q

vertex position

A

head first dlivery

308
Q

breech position

A

butt first delivery

309
Q

limb presentation

A

single arm or foot delivery

310
Q

spina bifida

A

defect where spinal cord or meninges protrude from newborn

311
Q
A
312
Q

s/s of pediatric decreased perfusion

A

pallor, weak distal pulses, delayed cap refil, cool hands and feet

313
Q

fontanelles bulging means

A

increased ICP

314
Q

fontanelles sunken means

A

dehydration

315
Q

PAT components

A

appearance, work of breathing, circulation to skin

316
Q

the bad B’s of pediatrics

A

bradycardia, bradypnea

317
Q

early s/s of pediatric resp emergency

A

combative, restless, anxiety

318
Q

later s/s of pediatric resp emergency

A

chest rises less, less effors, cyanosis, pallor, altered LOC, apnea periods, bradycardia

319
Q

partial upper airway obstruction s/s

A

STRIDOR

decreased breath sounds

320
Q

partial lower airway obstruction s/s

A

WHEEZING
CRACKLES

321
Q

pediatric asthma s/s

A

wheezing, cyanosis, resp distress

322
Q

ped pneumonia s/s

A

rapid breathing, grunt/wheeze, nasal flaring, hypothermia, fever

323
Q

ped epiglottisis s/s

A

look sick, sore throat, high fever

324
Q

ped bronchiolotis s/s

A

dehydration, SOB, fever, RSV history

325
Q

ped pertussis s/s

A

common cold, whoop sound

326
Q

ped shock s/s

A

tachycardia, poor cap refil, change in LOC

327
Q

ped meningitis s/s

A

fever, altered LOC, apnea, cyanosis, stiff neck, irratble, bulging fontanelle

328
Q

shaken baby syndrome

A

head bleeding and c-spine damage

329
Q

SIDS

A

sudden infant death syndrome

no cause of death known

330
Q

apparent life-threatening event (ATLE)

A

baby resumes breathing when stimulated

cyanosis, apnea, unresponsive

331
Q

order of bruise color

A

red, blue/purpe, green,yellow, brown

332
Q

common conditions in geriatrics (3)

A

hip fractures, fallls, clots from sedentary behavior

333
Q

geriatric pulmonary embolism s/s

A

tachycardia, sudden dyspnea, cough, syncope

334
Q

hypertrophies

A

heart enlarges in geriatrics

335
Q

vascular stffening of geriatrics is from

A

hypertension and arterioslecrosis

336
Q

right side heart failure s/s

A

fluid backs up into body

JVD, ascites (fluid in abdomen)

peripheral edema

enlarged liver

337
Q

left side heart failure s/s

A

fluid back up into lungs

pulmonary edema

roles, crackles

SOB, hypoxia

338
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

attack of resp distress at night in reclined position

from left side heart failure

339
Q

leading cause of geriatric death

A

STROKE

340
Q

presbycosis

A

age-related hearing loss

341
Q

dementia

A

chronic, slow developement

disorientation, short attention span, loss of cognition

342
Q

delerium geriatrics

A

sudden change in mental status

343
Q

disorder of motor nerves

A

muscle cramps, weakness, spasm, loss of coordination and balance

344
Q

disorder of sensory nerves

A

tingling, numb, itching, pain, burning

345
Q

disorder of autonomic nerves

A

change in BP and HR, constipation, bladder dysfunction, sexual dysfunction

346
Q

general s/s of GI issues

A

pale/yellow skin, thing skin, edema, hypertension, fever, tachycardia

347
Q

hypothyroidism

A

from less metabolism of thyroxine as a geriatric

s/s= slow HR, fatigue, dry skin, weight gain

348
Q

arthritis

A

joints loose flexibility

349
Q

kyphosis

A

forward curling of back

“hunchback”

350
Q

decubitis ulcers

A

pressure ulcers, bed sores

cut off blood flow

351
Q

polypharmacy

A

taking multiple perscription medicatins

352
Q

GEMS for geriatrics

A

geriatric patients

environmental assessment

medical assessment

social assessment

353
Q

autism spectrum disorder

A

impairment of social interaction

354
Q

down syndrome

A

genetric chromosomal effect (triple 21)

intellectual impairment

355
Q

sensorineural deafness

A

nerve damage from damage to inner ear

356
Q

conductive hearing loss

A

faulty transmission of sound waves

357
Q

cerebral palsy

A

poorly controlled body movement

possible epilepsy

358
Q

spina bifida

A

incomplete closure of spinal collumn

latex allergy

some paralysis

359
Q

tracheostmy tubes

A

around stoma

prone to secretion obstruction

360
Q

gastrostomy tubes

A

food into stomach

361
Q

shunt

A

draines excess CSF

362
Q

vagus nerve stimulators

A

treatment for epilepsy that isn’t medication

363
Q

colostomies, illesostomies

A

create opening in intestines for waste removal

364
Q

urostomy

A

urine drains from stoma in abdominal wall

365
Q

conduction

A

direct contact

366
Q

convection

A

cyclical motion of warm rising, cool falling

367
Q

evaporation

A

liquid to gas

body cooling mecahnism

368
Q

radiation

A

heat delivered by radiant energy

369
Q

respiration

A

cool in, warm out of body

370
Q

hypothermia

A

core temp below 95

cyanosis, shivering

371
Q

mild hypothermia

A

shivering, foot-stamping

constricted blood vessels, rapid breathing

withdrawn

372
Q

moderate hypothermia

A

loss of coordination, stiffness, coma

slowing resps, weak pulse, dysrhythmias

confused to unresponsive

373
Q

severe hypothermia

A

apparent death

cardiac arrest

unresponsive

374
Q

frostnip

A

skin freezes but deeper tissues are unaffected

375
Q

immersion foot

A

aka trench foot

prolonged exposure to cold water

376
Q

s/s of local cold injuries

A

blanched skin, cold, loss of feeling and sensation

377
Q

frostbite

A

tissues are frozen and permanently damaged

s/s= hard wavy feel, firm to frozen, blisters, swelling, necrosis

378
Q

heat cramps

A

first sign of hyperthermia

change in electrolyte balance leads to cramps

s/s= muscle cramps, dehydration

379
Q

heat exhaustion

A

temp 104

hypovolemia from loss of water and electrolytes

faint, dizzy

excessive sweating

cool, pale, clammy

rapid, weak pulse

muscle cramps

380
Q

heat stroke

A

tissues are destroyed

temp 106

throbbing headache

no sweating

red, hot, dry

n/v

rapid, strong pulse

may loose conciouness

381
Q

diving reflex

A

slowing of the heart

382
Q

descent emergency

A

sudden increase in pressure

ruptured tympanic membrane

383
Q

ascent emergencies

A

air embolism

decompression sickness

384
Q

air embolism ascent emergency s/s

A

blotching, froth, severe pain, dyspnea, dizzy, n/v, cough, cyanosis

385
Q

decompression sickness

A

nitrogen bubbles obstruct blood vessels

abdominal and joint pain, patient bends over

386
Q

dysbarism injury

A

s.s caused by atmospheric pressure vs pressure of gasses in body

387
Q

acute mountain sickness

A

diminish ox pressure in air over 5,000 feet

s/s= H, lightheaded, fatigue, loss of appetite, N, SOB

388
Q

HAPE

A

pulomary edema, 8,000 feet

s/s= SOB, cough, pink suputm, cyanosis, rapid pulse

389
Q

HACE

A

cerebral edema

s/s= severe headache, ataxia (loss of muscle cordiation), fatigue

390
Q

indirect effects from lightning are called

A

splash effects

391
Q

mild lightning strike

A

loss of conciousness, amnesia, confusion, tingling, superficial brn

392
Q

moderate lightning strike

A

seizures, resp arrest, dystrhythmias, superficial birn

393
Q

severe lightning strike

A

cardiac arrest

394
Q

massive muscle spasms

A

tetany

395
Q

black widow spider bite

A

neurotoxin

localized pain, muscle spasms, dizzy, n/v, rashes, tight chest

396
Q

brown recluse spider bite

A

cytoxix

swollen, tender, pale, mottled, large ulcer

397
Q

pit viper s/s of envenomation

A

burning pain at site, eccymosis, severe bleeding, weak, n/v, sweating, seizures, fainting, changed LOC, shock

398
Q

rocky mountain spotted fever

A

7-10 days after

n/v, h

weakness

paralysis

cardiresp arrest

399
Q

lyme disease

A

first: flu-like, bullseye rash
layer: swelling of joint

400
Q
A

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