Conditions of the Orbit and Eyelid in Dogs Flashcards
What is exopthalmos?
Abnormal protusion of the eye from the orbit.
What is enopthalmos?
Abnormal recession of the eye in the orbit.
What is lagophthalmos?
Incomplete eyelid closure and globe coverage.
What is strabismus?
Eyes are not aligned towards the same object.
What is blepharospasm?
Spasm of orbicularis oculi muscle causing eyelid closure.
What is buphthalmos?
Enlargement of the globe due to glaucoma.
What are the typical signs of a space occupying lesion?
Unilateral exophthalmos, discharge, painful, unable to open mouth fully, acute onset.
Most common primary neoplasias (3) from orbit?
Mesenchymal tumour.
Epithelial tumour
Orbital meningioma.
What are the two types of orbital myositis?
Masticatory muscle myositis and extraocular muscle myositis.
How does extraocular muscle myositis present in the acute and chronic phase?
Bilateral exophalmos in the acute phase.
Enopthalmos and fibrosis in the chronic phase.
What is proptosis?
Eyelids trapped behind the equator of the globe.
Give three situations in which proptosis would lead to enucleation?
Ruptured globe.
3+ Extraocular muscles torn.
Complete hyphaema.
What are the four clinical signs of Horner’s Syndrome?
Miosis
Third eyelid protrusion
Enophthalmos
Ptosis
When would a transpalpebral approach be indicated in relation to enucleation (rather than transconjunctival)?
When there is infection or neoplastic cells on the surface.
What is the tear film made up of and where is each part made?
Mucin from goblet cells in the conjunctiva.
Lipid from Meiobomian glands.
What is macroblepharon?
Long palpebral fissure/excessive eyelid length.
What is entropion?
Introversion of the eyelid
What is ectropion?
Eversion of the eyelid
What is trichiasis?
Hairs on normal skin reach and irriate eye
What is distichiasis?
Cilia emerge from meibomian gland.
What is ectopic cilium?
Cilia protrude through the conjunctiva.
How would you ideally treat macroblepharon?
Frequent lubrication.
Surgical correction to reduce palpebral fissure.
Pigmentary keratitis topical immunosuppressants.
What is the surgical technique that you would use to correct entropion?
Hotz-celsus technique.
What is the surgical treatment of ectropion?
Wedge resection +/- lateral canthus stabilisation
List three methods of the treatment of distichiasis.
Surgical excision.
Cryosurgery
Electrolysis
List 5 of the common types of eyelid tumour in dogs.
Meibomian gland epithelioma.
Adenoma.
Adenocarcinoma.
Melanoma
Squamous papilloma.
How would you close an excisional biopsy on the eyelid?
Figure of 8 suture using polyglactin 5/0 or 6/0.
