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Geriatric/Pediatrics/Pregnancy > Conditions of Pregnancy > Flashcards

Conditions of Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What are common symptoms experience during pregnancy?

A

Constipation
Hemorrhoids
Leg cramps/Restless legs
Nausea and vomiting
Urinary Tract infections
Vaginitis
Varicose veins

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2
Q

What are the common signs and symptoms of gestational trophoblastic disease?

A

Abnormal uterine growth
Vaginal bleeding in 1st trimester
Severe nausea and vomiting
Signs of preeclampsia in 1st trimester: edema, hypertension

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3
Q

What is the danger of rubella infection during pregnancy?

A

Can cause severe birth defects in an exposed fetus

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4
Q

How is rubella transmitted?

A

Respiratory droplets

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5
Q

What normal flora of the vaginal mucosa may cause an infection of the newborn with possible life-threatening diseas?

A

Group B streptococcal sepsis

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6
Q

What are the risk factors for developing toxoplasmosis in pregnancy?

A

Exposure to cat feces especially cat litter
Exposure to contaminated water
Raw or undercooked meat
Blood Transfusion

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of toxoplasmosis?

A

Usually asymptomatic
Head and neck LAO
Systemic symptoms: fatigue, fever, malaise

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8
Q

What is found on serology with toxoplasmosis?

A

High IgM titers: acute infection
Low IgM, IgG: previous infection
No IgG: never infected

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9
Q

What are some of the risks of developing gestational diabetes?

A

History of babies > 9 pounds
History of hyperglycemia, history of family history of DM
BMI > 25

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10
Q

What should be part of the prenatal screening that might help pick up the beginning of gestational diabetes?

A

Urinalysis for glycosuria
Oral glucose tolerance test

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11
Q

What is the lab test done to diagnose gestational diabetes?

A

Oral glucose test

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12
Q

What is the definition of pregnancy-induced hypertension?

A

> 140/90 BP or rise of more than 30 systolic or 15 diastolic from the intake baseline

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13
Q

What is the most common pregnancy complication and the cause of maternal death in the US and the world?

A

Preeclampsia

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14
Q

What clinical findings are present with preeclampsia?

A

Pregnancy induced HTN
Proteinuria
Edema and excessive weight gain

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15
Q

What is the usual time period for preeclampsia to occur?

A

Week 20 to the end of 1st week postpartum

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16
Q

What is added to the symptoms of preeclampsia or toxemia situation?

A

Seizures and/or coma

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17
Q

What are some ominous findings in preeclampsia?

A

HA, visual changes, retinal changes: nicking , oliguria

18
Q

What finding on a urine dipstick is consistent with preeclampsia?

A

High urine protein

19
Q

How does preeclampsia affect urine calcium?

A

It will cause a decrease

20
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of abruptio placentae?

A

Vaginal bleeding after 20 weeks gestation
Abdominal pain
Uterine tenderness
Fetal Heart Rate changes

21
Q

What might you expect in a history of someone with ectopic pregnancy?

A

Infertility treatment
History of PID or abdominal/pelvic surgery
Post tubal ligation
Current IUD use
Hx of endometriosis

22
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of ectopic pregnancy?

A

1) Severe lower abdominal pain and tenderness about 5-10 weeks into pregnancy with rebound tenderness and rigidity

2) Amenorrhea
3) Vaginal bleeding or spotting with brownish discharge
4) Referred neck and shoulder pain

23
Q

How is a diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy made?

A

1) Positive pregnancy test
2) Transvaginal ultrasound finds non-pregnant uterus
3) Beta hCG levels do not double as they should in a normal pregnancy

24
Q

What is in the DDx for ectopic pregnancy?

A

Appendicitis
PID
Ovarian tumor
Spontaneous abortion
Ruptured cyst
Kidney stones

25
Q

What are the common signs and symptoms of placenta previa?

A

Painless vaginal bleeding during second half of pregnancy

26
Q

In what condition do you get erythroblastosis fetalis?

A

Rh incompatibility between mother and infant

27
Q

What causes Rh incompatibility?

A

Mother who is Rh negative and a father who is Rh positive

28
Q

What does Rh compatibility become a problem?

A

In a second or later pregnancy: first pregnancy causes sensitization

29
Q

How is the mother affected by Rh incompatibility?

A

Asymptomatic

30
Q

What are the symptoms of erythroblastosis fetalis?

A

Causes RBC destruction leading to fetal death or high bilirubin levels at birth, followed by poor feeding, flaccidity, seizures, apnea and neonatal death

31
Q

When do most spontaneous abortions occur?

A

Between 8-12 weeks

32
Q

How long might it take after fetal death for the fetus to be expelled?

A

2-4 weeks

33
Q

What is usually done to confirm fetal death?

A

Ultrasound, beta hCG levels

34
Q

What might indicate the onset of spontaneous abortion?

A

Cramping and/or bleeding without tissue loss

35
Q

What can be triggered by retained products of conception?

A

DIC

36
Q

What labs are indicated to closely to monitor for DIC?

A

PT, fibrinogen and platelet levels

37
Q

What defines recurrent pregnancy loss?

A

History of 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions

38
Q

What might be some of the causes of recurrent pregnancy loss?

A

1) Endocrine Factors: PCOS, luteal phase defect, DM, thyroid autoimmunity
2) Chromosomal abnormalities
3) Infection: Toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus
4) Uterine anomalies
5) Cervical insufficiency
6) Antiphospholipid syndrome
7) Factor XII deficiency

39
Q

What are some of the risk factors for developing postpartum depression?

A

1) Personal history of depression
2) Lack of social/family/ financial support
3) Unplanned pregnancy
4) Miscarriage

40
Q

What are common causes for lactation disorders?

A

Inadequate milk supply
Nipple and breast pain
Lip and tongue ties
Poor milk extraction by infant

41
Q

What are the common presentations of postpartum thyroiditis?

A

1) Classic: hyperthyroidism, followed by hypothyroidism; followed by return to normal thyroid function 25%
2) Transient hyperthyroidism followed by return to normal thyroid function 32%
3) Transient hypothyroidism followed by return to normal thyroid function 43%
4) 30% remain hypothyroid 1 year after presentation

42
Q

What are the common signs and symptoms of symphysis pubis dysfunction?

A

Suprapubic pain
Pain radiates to legs, hip or back
Worse with weight bearing, turning in bed or getting up from a chair
Symphysis separation >10-13 mm on imaging (not usually performed)

Geriatric/Pediatrics/Pregnancy (3 decks)

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