Conditions of Lumbar Spine

Question 1

vertical height of lumbar vert. is less than their horizontal diameter

Answer 1

T

Question 2

joins the arch of the vert. to the posterolateral body

Answer 2

pedicle

Question 3

there are ___ facet joints in the lumbar spine

Answer 3

10 (5pairs)

Question 4

superior and inferior articular processes and capsule are considered what kind of joints

Answer 4

diarthrodial

Question 5

face joints carry about ___ % of axial load, but may reach ___ with degeneration of disc

Answer 5

25%

70%

Question 6

face joints provide ___% of the torsional and shear strength

Answer 6

40%

Question 7

degeneration of the IVD

Answer 7

spondylosis

Question 8

defect in the pars interarticularis or the arch of the vertebra

Answer 8

spondylolysis

Question 9

a forward displacement of one vertebra over another

Answer 9

spondylolisthesis

Question 10

what are the main ligaments of the lumbar spine

Answer 10

1. anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
2. ligamentum flavum
3. superspinous and interspinous ligaments
4. intertransverse ligaments

Question 11

connects L5 to the posterior ilium preventing anterior displacement of L5

Answer 11

iliolumbar ligament

Question 12

IVD make up ___% of the total length of the vertebral column

Answer 12

25%

Question 13

which is the weaker structure, anterior longitudinal ligament or posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 13

poster longitudinal ligament

Question 14

the lateral aspects of the disc are innervated peripherally by the branches of the

Answer 14

anterior rami and gray rami communicants

Question 15

pain sensitive structures around the IVD are the

Answer 15

1. ALL
2. PLL
3. vertebral body, nerve root
4. cartilage of face joint

Question 16

disc bulges posteriorly without rupture of the annulus fibrosus is called

Answer 16

protrusion of the disc

Question 17

outermost fibers of the annulus fibrosus contain the nucleus is called

Answer 17

disc prolapse

Question 18

annulus fibrosus is perforated, and the disc material moves into the epidural space

Answer 18

disc extrusion

Question 19

formation of discal fragments from the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus outside the disc proper

Answer 19

sequestered disc

Question 20

top 3 actions that cause an increase in disc pressure

Answer 20

1. lifting 20kg with back bent knees straight 169%
2. bending forward 150%
3. lifting 20kg with back straight and knees bent 73%

Question 21

lying flat increases back pain is a red flag

Answer 21

T

Question 22

what are the three exams done to examine a lower cross patient

Answer 22

hip extension exam, hip abduction exam, trunk curl up exam

Question 23

dysfunction at the level of the posterior facet joints of the spine

Answer 23

lumbar facet syndrome

Question 24

these signs are of those with this syndrome: repetitive extensions, postural hyperextension, movements with arms overhead

Answer 24

lumbar face syndrome

Question 25

alleviating factors for facet syndrome

Answer 25

walking, lying with knees bent, medication, sitting, rest, lateral bending towards healthy side

Question 26

face syndrome orthopedic exams

Answer 26

positive kemps, positive hyperextension test, negative SLR

Question 27

lumbar strain improves within __ weeks, normal functions return in ___ weeks

Answer 27

2

4-6

Question 28

innervation of the piriformis

Answer 28

S1-S2

Question 29

someone with piriformis syndrome will report positive with which tests

Answer 29

SLR, bonnet’s test

Question 30

what percent of people from 30-55yo have DDD

Answer 30

30%

Question 31

75% of the IVD herniations recover within __ months

Answer 31

6

Question 32

hip flexor nerve root

Answer 32

L1-L2

Question 33

hip flexors and knee extensors nerve root

Answer 33

L3

Question 34

hallux extension and ankle plantar flexors nerve root

Answer 34

L5

Question 35

knee extensors and ankle dorsiflexors nerve root

Answer 35

L4

Question 36

ankle plantar flexors and evertors nerve root

Answer 36

S1

Question 37

L4-L5 disc, which nerve root affected in posterolateral herniation

Answer 37

L5

Question 38

L4-L5 disc, which nerve root affected in lateral herniation

Answer 38

L4