Conditions of Lumbar Spine Flashcards
vertical height of lumbar vert. is less than their horizontal diameter
T
joins the arch of the vert. to the posterolateral body
pedicle
there are ___ facet joints in the lumbar spine
10 (5pairs)
superior and inferior articular processes and capsule are considered what kind of joints
diarthrodial
face joints carry about ___ % of axial load, but may reach ___ with degeneration of disc
25%
70%
face joints provide ___% of the torsional and shear strength
40%
degeneration of the IVD
spondylosis
defect in the pars interarticularis or the arch of the vertebra
spondylolysis
a forward displacement of one vertebra over another
spondylolisthesis
what are the main ligaments of the lumbar spine
- anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments
- ligamentum flavum
- superspinous and interspinous ligaments
- intertransverse ligaments
connects L5 to the posterior ilium preventing anterior displacement of L5
iliolumbar ligament
IVD make up ___% of the total length of the vertebral column
25%
which is the weaker structure, anterior longitudinal ligament or posterior longitudinal ligament
poster longitudinal ligament
the lateral aspects of the disc are innervated peripherally by the branches of the
anterior rami and gray rami communicants
pain sensitive structures around the IVD are the
- ALL
- PLL
- vertebral body, nerve root
- cartilage of face joint
disc bulges posteriorly without rupture of the annulus fibrosus is called
protrusion of the disc
outermost fibers of the annulus fibrosus contain the nucleus is called
disc prolapse
annulus fibrosus is perforated, and the disc material moves into the epidural space
disc extrusion
formation of discal fragments from the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus outside the disc proper
sequestered disc
top 3 actions that cause an increase in disc pressure
- lifting 20kg with back bent knees straight 169%
- bending forward 150%
- lifting 20kg with back straight and knees bent 73%
lying flat increases back pain is a red flag
T
what are the three exams done to examine a lower cross patient
hip extension exam, hip abduction exam, trunk curl up exam
dysfunction at the level of the posterior facet joints of the spine
lumbar facet syndrome
these signs are of those with this syndrome: repetitive extensions, postural hyperextension, movements with arms overhead
lumbar face syndrome
alleviating factors for facet syndrome
walking, lying with knees bent, medication, sitting, rest, lateral bending towards healthy side
face syndrome orthopedic exams
positive kemps, positive hyperextension test, negative SLR
lumbar strain improves within __ weeks, normal functions return in ___ weeks
2
4-6
innervation of the piriformis
S1-S2
someone with piriformis syndrome will report positive with which tests
SLR, bonnet’s test
what percent of people from 30-55yo have DDD
30%
75% of the IVD herniations recover within __ months
6
hip flexor nerve root
L1-L2
hip flexors and knee extensors nerve root
L3
hallux extension and ankle plantar flexors nerve root
L5
knee extensors and ankle dorsiflexors nerve root
L4
ankle plantar flexors and evertors nerve root
S1
L4-L5 disc, which nerve root affected in posterolateral herniation
L5
L4-L5 disc, which nerve root affected in lateral herniation
L4
