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T level health - Conditions for science > Conditions for science > Flashcards

Conditions for science Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biological explanation of asthma

A

Asthma is a chronic lung disease that occurs when the airways in the lungs become inflamed and narrow, making it difficult to breathe.

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2
Q

Cause of asthma

A

The exact cause of asthma is unknown, but it’s likely a combination of genetics and environmental factors such as family history, premature birth, etc.

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3
Q

Symptoms of asthma

A

Wheezing, shortness of breathe, chest tightness and coughing.

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4
Q

Monitoring and treatment for asthma

A

Inhalers, and regular checkup

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5
Q

Diagnosis of asthma

A

Spirometry test: Measures how much air a patient can breathe out and how fast. and/or the peak expiratory flow test: measures how fast a patient can blow air out using maximum effort.

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6
Q

Biological explanation of coronary heart disease

A

Coronary heart disease (CHD) occurs when the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart narrow or become blocked. This is usually due to atherosclerosis, a buildup of plaque and fatty material in the arteries.

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7
Q

Cause of CHD

A

Lifestyle: smoking and drinking too much alcohol, being overweight and not excerising regularly

Health conditions: high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabeties.

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8
Q

Symptoms of CHD

A

Chest pain, shortness of breathe, fatigue, swelling in the hands or feet, or heart palpitations

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9
Q

Treatment and management of CHD

A

Lifestyle changes, medications (such as beta blockers), and Angioplasty: A catheter-based procedure that uses a balloon to open a blocked artery

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10
Q

Diagnosis of CHD

A

Via a ECG, risk assessment, and a stress test.

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11
Q

Biological explanation of duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disease that occurs when there’s a mutation in the dystrophin gene, which results in a lack of dystrophin protein

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12
Q

Cause of DMD

A

Caused by a genetic mutation

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13
Q

Symptoms of DMD

A

Muscle weakness, frequent falls, delayed speech development, motor skills problems and enlarged calf muscles.

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14
Q

Treatment and maintaince of DMD

A

No cure but can be managed by: Glucocorticoid therapy, respiratory support, and physical therapy

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15
Q

Diagnosis of DMD

A

Taking a medical history, performing physical exam, blood tests (Checking for elevated levels of creatine kinase (CK)) and a muscle biopsy.

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16
Q

Biological explanation of osteoarthiritis

A

Osteoarthritis is a disease that occurs when the cartilage and other tissues in a joint break down, causing pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the joint.

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17
Q

Cause of osteoarthiritis

A

when the cartilage and other tissues in a joint break down or change structure.

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18
Q

Symptoms of osteoarthiritis

A

Pain, stiffness, swelling and limited range of movement.

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19
Q

Treatment and maintenance for osteoarthritis

A

Lifestyle changes (exercise), pain relief: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and surgery (joint replacement)

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20
Q

Diagnosis of osteroarthiritis

A

Medical history, physical exam and imaging such as an xray

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21
Q

Biological explanation of COPD

A

destruction of alveoli reducing SA on alveoli and bronchial tubes become inflammed. leads to large air pockets in the lung.

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22
Q

Cause of COPD

A

long-term exposure to irritants that damage the lungs and airways: smoking, second hand smoke, air pollution, etc.

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23
Q

Symptoms of COPD

A

Shortness of breath, coughing, wheezing, chest tightness and fatigure.

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24
Q

Treatment and maintence of COPD

A

There is no cure but can be managed via, Bronchodilators (inhaled medicine that reduce swelling), oxygen therapy, and antibiotics.

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25
Q

Diagnosis of COPD

A

Spirometry: A breathing test that measures how much air you can exhale and how quickly you can empty your lungs and a chest xray.

26
Q

Biological explanation of atopic eczema

A

Atopic eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a complex condition that occurs when the skin barrier is damaged and the immune system is dysregulated.

27
Q

Cause of atopic eczema

A

Unkown but likely to be a combination of genetics and environment (soaps, detergents, etc)

28
Q

Symptoms of atopic eczema

A

Itching, dry red skin, rashes, darkening or lightening of the skin

29
Q

Treatment and maintance of atopic eczema

A

Moisturises, antihistmaince and topical steroids.

30
Q

Diagnosis of atopic eczema

A

By a dermatologist performing a skin exam and assessing symptoms.

31
Q

Biological explanation of endometriosis

A

Endometriosis is a chronic condition that occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus

32
Q

Cause of endometriosis

A

Unkown cause, possibly genetics, or surgery (C-section)

33
Q

Symptoms of endometriosis

A

Painful menstrual cramps that may worsen over time, pain during or after sex, pain in the lower abdomen or intestine, painful urination or bowel movements, usually during a period

34
Q

Treatment and maintance of endometriosis

A

Pain medication (NSAIDS), birth control pills and surgery.

35
Q

Diagnosis of endometriosis

A

Endometriosis is diagnosed through a combination of history, physical exam, imaging, and surgery

36
Q

explanation of ivf

A

the joining of a womans egg and a mans sperm in a labaratory dish

37
Q

causes of needing ivf

A

endometreosis, advanced maternal age, genetic disorder

38
Q

main stages of IVF

A

the natural menstrual cycle is surpressed
ovaries are stimulated to produce more egg cells
progress is monitered through ultrasounds to check maturing of follicles
10-30 eggs are collected from the ovaries using a needle
defected sperrm and eggs are discareded and healthy are mixed for a few hours
fertalised eggs are icubated for 2-6 days then embryo transfer takes place (into the uterus
for successfull pregnancy embryos must implant in wall of uterus

39
Q

hormones used in IVF

A

ovary stimulation involves injection of FSH for development of follicle

40
Q

explanation of testicular cancer

A

germ cells in testicles clump together to form tumor

41
Q

symptoms of testicular cancer

A

lump or swelling in testicle
heavy srotum
pain in lower belly or groin
pain or discomfort

42
Q

monitoring testicular cancer

A

physical exams, blood tests and imaging

43
Q

treatment for testicular cancer

A

usually surgery
chemotherapy

44
Q

diagnosis of testicular cancer

A

ultrasound

45
Q

explanation of non hodgkins lymphoma

A

a cancer that develops in the lymphatic system.
abnormal multiplication of lymphocytes collect in the lymph nodes, losing their ability to fight infection

46
Q

causes of non HL

A

cause that triggers mutation is unknown but risk factars are
weak immune system
autoimmune disease

47
Q

symptoms of non HL

A

pain and swelling of belly
chest pain
weight loss
night sweats

48
Q

treatment of non HL

A

radiotherapy
chemotherapy

49
Q

monitoring non HL

A

appointments and tests

50
Q

diagnosis of non HL

A

biopsy

51
Q

explanation of thyroid tumours

A

Thyroid tumors form when DNA mutations cause thyroid cells to grow and multiply uncontrollably

52
Q

cause of thyroid tumours

A

Direct cause is unkown but can be impacted by age or family history of thryoid cancer

53
Q

symptoms of thyroid tumours

A

A lump in the front or side of your neck that may feel hard and grow slowly, Pain in the front of your neck, or a feeling of pressure on your neck, Difficulty swallowing or breathing, A hoarse or other voice change that doesn’t go away

54
Q

monitoring of thryoid tumours

A

blood tests

55
Q

treatment of thyroid tumours

A

removala through surgery
hormone therapy
iodine treatment
radiotherapy

56
Q

explanation of leukemia

A

Leukemia is a cancer that occurs when the bone marrow produces abnormal white blood cells, which can’t fight infection. The abnormal white blood cells crowd the bone marrow and enter the bloodstream, affecting the production of normal blood cells.

56
Q

diagnosis of thyroid tumours

A

radioiodine scan

57
Q

cause of leuakemia

A

Unkown but risk factors can include, genetic mutations, viral infections, and age.

58
Q

symptoms of leukemia

A

Weightloss, fatigue, bruising and bleeding, infection and swollen lympth nodes.

59
Q

monitoring of leukemia

A

Blood tests, ct and mri scans

60
Q

diagnosis of leukemia

A

Blood tests, ct and mri scans

T level health - Conditions for science (1 decks)

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