Conditions and Symptomatology

Question 1

What is dyspnea?

Answer 1

Shortness of breath and/or wheezing

Question 2

Clear or white sputum (phlegm) is associated with what kind of respiratory tract infection causing agents?

Answer 2

Viral

Question 3

What color sputum is SUGGESTIVE but not DEFINITIVE of a bacterial infection?

Answer 3

Yellow/green colored and maybe blood-streaked

Question 4

What is hemoptysis?

Answer 4

Bloody or blood-stained sputum coughed up from pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, or lungs

Question 5

What kind of sputum is associated with pneumococcal/ lobar pneumonia?

Answer 5

Rusty (blood in terminal airway mixing with air)

Question 6

What would cause sputum to be pink and frothy?

Answer 6

Air mixing with blood not as deep in the airways (example = pulmonary edema)

Question 7

What is the pain sensitive part of the lungs?

Answer 7

Pleura

Question 8

When do lung conditions become painful?

Answer 8

When blood supply is cut off (examples = pulmonary embolus or pleural inflammation)

Question 9

Pleurisy would present with what kind of breathing pattern?

Answer 9

Hypopnea (shallow breaths)

Question 10

Increased fremitus would indicate what kind of pathology?

Answer 10

Lobar pneumonia (consolidation)

Question 11

Decreased or absent fremitus would indicate what kind of pathologies?

Answer 11

Pleural effusion or pneumothorax

Question 12

Hyper-resonant percussive notes over the lung fields are indicative of what pathology?

Answer 12

Advanced emphysema (inflated alveoli)

Question 13

Flat or dull percussive notes in the wrong area are indicative of what pathologies?

Answer 13

1 consolidation
2 pleural effusion
3 large tumor

Question 14

Tympanic percussive notes in the lung field are indicative of what pathology?

Answer 14

Spontaneous of traumatic pneumothorax

Question 15

What pathologies would cause a relative, increased intensity of bread sounds at a contralateral point in the opposite lung?

Answer 15

1 consolidating pneumonia (MC)
2 atelectasis
3 large tumor

Question 16

Why does consolidating pneumonia cause increased intensity of breath sounds and a longer expiratory phase?

Answer 16

Solids/fluid conduct sound vibration better than air

Question 17

What could cause diminished or absent breath sounds at a contralateral point?

Answer 17

1 large airway obstruction
2 pneumothorax
3 pleural effusion (serous or bloody fluid)
4 pleural thickening (fibrosis or tumor)

Question 18

Why does a large airway obstruction decrease or silence the breath sounds?

Answer 18

Sound vibrations stop at obstruction and don’t continue to chest wall

Question 19

Why do pleural effusions or pneumothorax decrease or silence the breath sounds?

Answer 19

Pleural filters increase distance between stethoscope and lungs decreasing the chance of hearing them

Question 20

What is the lay term for acute bronchitis?

Answer 20

Chest cold

Question 21

Why is there no fever associated with acute bronchitis?

Answer 21

Viral infection (not bacterial)

Question 22

Which is a bacterial infection: acute bronchitis or lobar pneumonia?

Answer 22

Lobar pneumonia

Question 23

What is the patient profile for chronic bronchitis?

Answer 23

50 year old adult exposed to cigarette smoke or pullution

Question 24

What is the major symptom of chronic bronchitis?

Answer 24

Chronic productive cough over years

Question 25

Individuals with what condition are more likely to develop spontaneous pneumothorax?

Answer 25

Marfan Syndrome