Conditions and Symptomatology Flashcards
What is dyspnea?
Shortness of breath and/or wheezing
Clear or white sputum (phlegm) is associated with what kind of respiratory tract infection causing agents?
Viral
What color sputum is SUGGESTIVE but not DEFINITIVE of a bacterial infection?
Yellow/green colored and maybe blood-streaked
What is hemoptysis?
Bloody or blood-stained sputum coughed up from pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, or lungs
What kind of sputum is associated with pneumococcal/ lobar pneumonia?
Rusty (blood in terminal airway mixing with air)
What would cause sputum to be pink and frothy?
Air mixing with blood not as deep in the airways (example = pulmonary edema)
What is the pain sensitive part of the lungs?
Pleura
When do lung conditions become painful?
When blood supply is cut off (examples = pulmonary embolus or pleural inflammation)
Pleurisy would present with what kind of breathing pattern?
Hypopnea (shallow breaths)
Increased fremitus would indicate what kind of pathology?
Lobar pneumonia (consolidation)
Decreased or absent fremitus would indicate what kind of pathologies?
Pleural effusion or pneumothorax
Hyper-resonant percussive notes over the lung fields are indicative of what pathology?
Advanced emphysema (inflated alveoli)
Flat or dull percussive notes in the wrong area are indicative of what pathologies?
1 consolidation
2 pleural effusion
3 large tumor
Tympanic percussive notes in the lung field are indicative of what pathology?
Spontaneous of traumatic pneumothorax
What pathologies would cause a relative, increased intensity of bread sounds at a contralateral point in the opposite lung?
1 consolidating pneumonia (MC)
2 atelectasis
3 large tumor
Why does consolidating pneumonia cause increased intensity of breath sounds and a longer expiratory phase?
Solids/fluid conduct sound vibration better than air
What could cause diminished or absent breath sounds at a contralateral point?
1 large airway obstruction
2 pneumothorax
3 pleural effusion (serous or bloody fluid)
4 pleural thickening (fibrosis or tumor)
Why does a large airway obstruction decrease or silence the breath sounds?
Sound vibrations stop at obstruction and don’t continue to chest wall
Why do pleural effusions or pneumothorax decrease or silence the breath sounds?
Pleural filters increase distance between stethoscope and lungs decreasing the chance of hearing them
What is the lay term for acute bronchitis?
Chest cold
Why is there no fever associated with acute bronchitis?
Viral infection (not bacterial)
Which is a bacterial infection: acute bronchitis or lobar pneumonia?
Lobar pneumonia
What is the patient profile for chronic bronchitis?
50 year old adult exposed to cigarette smoke or pullution
What is the major symptom of chronic bronchitis?
Chronic productive cough over years
