conditions and resources

Question 1

what is needed to know and understand the distribution and abundance of a species

Answer 1

1) history
2) environmental conditins
3) resources needed
4) life histories and pop dynamics
5) interactions within their own and other species

Question 2

what are conditions

Answer 2

abiotic environmental factors which influence the functioning of an organsism which cant be consumed or used up

Question 3

true of false: conditions can be modified by the presence of other organisms

Answer 3

true

Question 4

define optimum conditions

Answer 4

conditions in which the most offspring are produced however an organism can survive under a range of conditions

Question 5

what did odum 1955 say about limiting conditions or factors

Answer 5

any condition which approaches or exceeds the limits of tolerance is said to be a limiting conditions or factor

Question 6

give some examples of conditions

Answer 6

temperature
soil Ph
physical forces such as wind or currents
enviro pollution
global change

Question 7

outline how the conditions of temperature can influence organisms

Answer 7

1) metabolism = rate of oxygen consumption increases
2) growth = linear relationship between growth rate and temperature
3) development and size= linear relartionship between developmental rate and temperature

Question 8

why might and increase in temperature lead to a decline in final size

Answer 8

development increases more rapidly with temp than growth rate

Question 9

why is it important to know the effects of temperature in ecology

Answer 9

1) understand the role in seasonal, annual and geographic variations in productivity
2) know the effects of a rise in global temperature

Question 10

what is the difference between endotherms and ectotherms

Answer 10

endo= regulate temp by the production of heat within their own bodies

ecto= rely on external heat sources

Question 11

what can low temps cause

Answer 11

chilling can damage membranes and permeability
freezing can affect osmoregulation

Question 12

give some examples of where temperature can act as a stimulus

Answer 12

1) artic alpine plants- freezing can stimulate germination
2) egg laying can be stimulated by temp
3) stimulate breeding

Question 13

how can temperature interact and affect species

Answer 13

1) humidity= affect evapotranspiratin
2) disease= increase funal like infectinos

Question 14

what can high PHs in soil cause

Answer 14

root damage by toxic conc of protons or oh-

Question 15

what can changes in PH cause

Answer 15

influence nutrient availability and toxin conc

Question 16

give some examples of areas with extreme PH

Answer 16

geothermal springs
volcanic lakes

Question 17

how did begon et al 2006 define resources

Answer 17

entities required by an organism that may be reduced by the activities of other organisms

Question 18

what is the consequence of resources

Answer 18

competition

Question 19

how is solar energy a resource

Answer 19

solar radiation is the only source of energy for photosynthetic organisms and shading by other organisms can deplete it

Question 20

how is carbon dioxide a resource

Answer 20

used in photosynthesis and availability varies depending on position in the habitat

Question 21

how is water a resource

Answer 21

hydration is needed for metabolic reactions and must be replenished

Question 22

how is oxygen a resource

Answer 22

diffusion and soluability of oxygen is low in water so is limited in aquatic and waterlogged environments

Question 23

what does the term polyphagous mean

Answer 23

organisms which have a wide variety of prey species

Question 24

what defences have prey organisms developed

Answer 24

1) physical and chemical
2) behaviour and morphological

Question 25

what is an ecological niche

Answer 25

a summary of an organisms tolerances and requirements- describes how rather than where an organisms lives

Question 26

what is a fundemental niche

Answer 26

where an organism could live in the absence of competition and predators

Question 27

what is a realised niche

Answer 27

where an organism actually lives when competitors reduce available resources

Question 28

what are the dimensions of a niche

Answer 28

1) conditions and resources
2) predators

Question 29

what are the roles of environmental tolerances

Answer 29

when a species is limited in distribution it is said to be restricted in distribution it is said to be restricted according to be environmental tolerances