Conditions Flashcards
Man presents with a drooping eye lid, difference of pupil size, weight loss, and persistent cough. What is the likely diagnosis?
Horner’s syndrome due to lung cancer
Bells palsy is due to an issue of what nerve? What can this cause?
Facial nerve
Unable to close eye dye to orbicularis oculi innervated by this
What is bellforitis?
Where the palpebral conjunctiva doesnt work so you get dry eyes from evaporation
You shine a light in to a person’s right eye and both eyes equally constrict, you then quickly move it to the left eye and the pupils dilate. What is the likely phenomenon and explain why this happens
RAPD (relative afferent pupil defect) where the optic nerve will usually still be functional just not optimally if its got an issue. Test using the swinging flashlight test. As the faulty eye (Left) cannot maintain constiction due to an issue with the optic nerve not getting enough light in so causing dilation.
What is hydrocephalus
Increase in CSF inthe ventricle system from either obstruction, lack of reabsorption or excess production. Causes increaed pressure on the brain
Type 1 diabetic presents with blurry vision. He is still able to read close up but upon examination his right eye doesnt constrict with light. What is the likley pathology?
Hyperglycaemia changing osmotic pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye causing blurriness
What is hypernetropia?
When someone can see far things but not close up due to lens not being able to get fat enough
What is myopia
Someone who is short sighted due to lens not being able to get thin enough
What is astigmatism?
Where the eye has different strengths in one plane than another
What is presbyopia
Gradual age related response where the lens gradually stiffens so cant read upclose as unable to get fatter
What is the pathology behind glaucoma?
Increase in aqueous humour causing increased pressure on the optic nerve and eye as not drained properly through trabecular meshwork and schlemm canal
What are the two types of glaucoma?
Primary open angled glaucoma (poor drainage through trabecular meshwork)
Angle closure glaucoma (fluid cant pass lens as the iris is closely stuck to it)
Diabetic presents with his peripheral vision blurry, but central vision okay, but seems to miss when people walk past him. On opthlamoscopy there is ‘cupping’ present. What is the likely diagnosis?
Glaucoma
What is wet macular degeneration due to ?
Leaky blood vessels due to proliferation
Man of 70 years presents with pain from the glare of headlights. He says his sight has become generally blurred and is getting worse. He also smokes. What is the likely diagnosis?
Cataracts
What type of hypersensitivity is occular cicatricial pemphigoid
Type II direct killing where cells killed from macrophages or complement, antibody mediated
What type of hypersensitivity is autoimmune corneal melting
Type III immune complex mediated
What is hyphaema
Blood in the anterior chamber
What is fluorescein sodium 1% used for?
To pick up epithelial damage on the surface of eyes using a blue slit lamp. If defective then goes bright green
What is sedels test
Where fluorescence dye becomes diluted around the point of a laceration- in full thickness laceration
Man post surgery both eyes become hazy, he has photophobia, and general pain. on investigatoins it shows some retinal detachment, disc swelling and dalen fusch’s nodules. What is the diagnosis?
Sympathetic opthalmia
Man presents with sudden visual loss. On fundoscopy there is a pale retina with a red spot. He has not associated pain or headaches. What is the likely diagnosis
Central retina artery occlusion
What condition causes a unilateral decresae in visual acuity over hours or days and a poor discrimination of colour and eye pain on movement?
Optic neuritis
75yrs old women presents with blurry vision in her right eye, she notes that door frames appear wavy. No issue with L eye, on examination central scotoma is noted. Likely diagnosis
Age related macular degeneration
