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Child and Family Health > Conditions > Flashcards

Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Appendicitis

- Presentation

A

Dull visceral pain in the umbilicus
SHIFTS
Pain in the RIF
Worse on driving around corners and at bumps

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2
Q

Appendicitis

- Signs and Tests

A

= Jumping Test +ve

= peritonitis

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3
Q

Congenital Pyloric Stenosis

- Description

A

= presents in the first 3-8 weeks

- due to a thickened pyloric sphincter muscle

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4
Q

Congenital Pyloric Stenosis

- Presentation

A

Projectile, milky vomiting

- Malnourished, but always hungry, bulging fontanelle

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5
Q

Congenital Pyloric Stenosis

  • Observations
  • Investigations
A

Obs: palpate olive shaped mass in the RUQ
- See peristalsis in the LUQ

Investigations: show a thin channelled pylorus

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6
Q

Congenital Pyloric Stenosis

- Management

A

Ramstedt’s pyloromyotomy

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7
Q

Croup

  • Presentation
  • Investigation Findings
A

= barking cough and stridor

Ix: hypopharynx distension, steeple sign

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8
Q

Intussusception

- Description

A

= small bowel telescopes

- Usually ~6 months of age

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9
Q

Intussusception

- Presentation

A
  • Episodic intermittent crying with drawing up of legs
  • Blood PR (like redcurrant jam)
  • May also have a fever
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10
Q

Intussusception

  • Examination
  • Investigations
A

Exam: may palpate a sausage-shaped mass in the bowel

Ix: USS shos target lesion, may appear to be a pseudokidney

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11
Q

Intussusception

- Management

A
  1. Reduction by air enema

2. Surgery

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12
Q

Malrotation

- Pathology

A
  • During development the midgut rotates
  • The gut is prone to undergoing volvulus upon the abnormal mesentery
  • Usually presents neonatally
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13
Q

Malrotation

  • Presentation
  • Complications
A

Present: green bilious vomiting, abdominal distension, rectal bleeding

Comp: death

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14
Q

Hydrocele

  • Description
  • Presentation
  • Management
A

= fluid tracks down a patent processus vaginalis

Present: swelling in the testes
- Should transilluminate

Manage: may resolve, if not aspiration/surgery

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15
Q

Hypospadias

  • Description
  • Presentation
  • Management
A

= birth abnormality of the urethra
- Urinary opening is not at the usual location (head of the penis)

Present: urinary opening lower than normal, hooded foreskin

Manage: surgery

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16
Q

Idiopathic Scrotal Oedema

  • Presentation
  • Managment
A

Present: generalised bilateral erythema with oedema

  • Tends to be painless
  • Diagnosed to avoid unneeded surgical intervention

Manage: self limiting

17
Q

Paraphimosis

  • Description
  • Presentation
A

= foreskin of the penis becomes trapped behind the glans penis and cannot be pulled back to usual position

Present: pain and swelling of the glans

18
Q

Paraphimosis

  • Management
  • Complications
A

Manage: compress gland and move foreskin back to its normal position

  • May need LA
  • If this fails may need surgery

Comp: gangrene

19
Q

Phimosis

  • Description
  • Presentation
A

= foreskin of the penis cannot be pulled back past the glans, due to tightness
- It is normal

Present: may have difficulty urinating

20
Q

Phimosis

  • Criteria for management
  • Management
A

Criteria: < 3, symptomatic

Tends to resolve by the age of 3 years

Manage: topical steroid use, drying after urination, bathe daily
- If this fails then surgery

21
Q

Testicular Torsion

  • Description
  • Presentation
A

= spermatic cord twists and ischaemia results

Present: acute testicular pain

22
Q

Testicular Torsion

  • Investigation
  • Management
  • Complications
A

Ix: clinical diagnosis, USS if unclear

Manage: surgical emergency

Comp: testicular infarction, gangrene

23
Q

Torsion of Appendices and Epidymis

- Description

A
  • Most common cause of acute scrotum
  • There are two appendages present:
    1. Appendix testis
    2. Appendix epididymis
24
Q

Torsion of Appendices and Epidymis

  • Presentation
  • Investigation
  • Management
A

Present: pain in superior pole of the testis
- Absent inferiorly and middle

Ix: USS

Manage: conservative = NSAIDs, ice, scrotal support

25
Q

Undescended Testes

  • Causes
  • Presentation
  • Investigation
  • Management
A

Cause: prematurity, idiopathic

Present: scrotum empty on one side

Ix: use soap to feel the undescended testicle
- Either in the groin or abdomen

Manage: surgery

Child and Family Health (2 decks)

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