Conditions Flashcards
Condition: CXR
Increased vascular marking in hilar region
Kerley B lines (thick interlobe septum)
Interstitial/Alveolar Infiltrates
Pleural effusion
Pulmonary Edema
Condition: PFT
Decreased FEV1
Decreased FEV1/FVC
Increased FRC
Increased TLC
Increased RV
Normal Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio
Emphysema
Condition: ABG
Min-Mod decreased PaO2
Slight incresaed PaCO2
Normal hematocrit
Normal pulmonary artery pressure
Emphysema
Condition: Symptoms
Cough w/copious mucopurulent sputum
Fetid breath (halitosis)
Recurrent hemoptysis
Bronchiectasis
Condition: CXR
Size and shape of cardiac silhouette
Alveolar edema
Pleural Effusion
Atelectasis
CHF
Condition: ABG
Decreased PaO2
Increased pH
Respiratory Alkalosis
Pulmonary Edema
Condition: Breath Sounds
Wet Rales
Decreased sounds
May Wheeze
Pulmonary Edema
Condition: PFT
FEV1 < 65%
REV1/FVC < 70%
Decreased VC
Decreased dynamic lung compliance
Increased RV
Chronic Bronchitis
Condition: Breath Sounds
Rales/Crackles
Bronchiectasis
Condition: Etiology
Inflammation of lung parenchya
Acquired from community or hospital
Pneumonia
Condition: CV Findings
S3
CHF
Condition: PFT
If large = decreased lung volumes
Normal flow rates
Normal DL CO2
RESTRICTIVE
Pulmonary Effusion
Condition: Breath Sounds
Bubbling rales
Rhonchi
Bronchial
Pleural friction rub
Egophony
Whispered pectoriloquy
Consolidation
Pneumonia
Condition: ABG
Arterial hypoxemia
CO2 retention
Anemia
Bronchiectasis
Condition: CV Findings
Tachycardia
Pneumonia
Condition: CV Findings
Hx of MI, L ventricular failure, aortic or mitral valve disease, cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary Edema
Condition: CV Findings
R Cor Pulmonale
IPF
Condition: Symptoms
SOB
Barrel-chested
Pink Puffer
Thin (cachectic)
Emphysema
Condition: CXR
Diffuse reticulonodular pattern
Abnormal lower lobe markings
CT = inflammation has ground glass appear w/fibrosis in reticular pattern
IPF
Condition: PFT
Decreased FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FVC, FEF25-75
Ventilation/Perfusion mismatch
Bronchiectasis
Condition: PFT
Decreased TLC
Decreased VC
Decreased FRC
Decreased RV
Decreased DL CO2
Normal flow rates
As progresses: Decreased VT & Increased RR
IPF
Condition: ABG
Increased BUN, Creatinine, bilirubin
Decreased ertythrocyte sedimentation, Na, K, GFR
Decreased PaO2
Increased PaCO2
CHF
Condition: Etiology
Mutliple Causes
CHF
Cirrhosis
Lupus
RA
Pancreatitis
Pulmonary Effusion
Condition: Breath Sounds
Wheeze
Asthma
Condition: Symptoms
PNEA: Dys, Tachy, Ortho, Nocturnal
Peripheral edema
Cyanotic extremities
Weight gain
Hepatomegaly
Decreased Exercise tolerance
CHF
Condition: Breath Sounds
Bibasilar end inspiratory dry rales
Decreased sounds
IPF
Condition: ABG
Early = decreased PaCO2, RR
Severe = increased PaCO2
Asthma
Condition: Symptoms
SOB (even @ rest)
Repetitive non-productive cough
Weight loss
Decrease Appetite
Fatigue
Sleep disturbance w/¯ REM
IPF
Condition: CV Findings
Cor pulmonale only when hyoxemia severe enough to produce pulm art HTN
Emphysema
Condition: Breath Sounds
Rales
Tubular Sounds
Consolidation
CHF
Condition: Etiology
Unknown
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)
Condition: Pathophysiology
Patchy focal lesions of inflammation that change into fibrotic scars > regular shaped alveoli
IPF
Condition: CXR
Hyperinflation: kyphosis, AP distance
Narrow/elongated cardiac silhouette
Emphysema
Condition: CXR
Bacterial = Lobular consolidation w/confluent shadows
Viral = bilateral diffuse scattered fluffy shadows
Pneumonia
Condition: ABG
Decreased PaO2
Decreased PaCO2
Pneumonia
Condition: Pathophysiology
Transudative: Increased pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure > fluid out of pleural capillaries, decreased reabsorption > increased fluid in pleural space > decreased lung expansion
Exudative: Increased pleural permeability > increased protein/fluid into pleural space > decreased lung expansion
Pulmonary Effusion
Condition: PFT
During attack decreased FEV1 & FEV1/FVC
Increased FVC, RV
Decreased VC
15% improve in FEV1 w/dilator
Asthma
Condition: Etiology
Allergies
Exercise
Infection
Stresses
Asthma
Condition: Symptoms
Small = may have no sx
Large = SOB
Inflammation = pleuritic chest pain
Dry, non-productive cough
Pleural Effusion
Condition: Breath Sounds
Rhonchi
Wheeze
Prolonged Expiration
Chronic Bronchitis
Condition: CV Findings
May be abnormal if they cause of the issue is CV in natural
Pleural Effusion
Condition: Pathophysiology
Increased airway reactivity resulting in bronchospasm/constriction when exposed to particular stimulus
Asthma
Condition: ABG
Decreased PaO2
Normal PaCO2
Hypoxemic w/exertion
As progresses hypoxemic at rest
IPF
Condition: Symptoms
Sense of Suffocation
SOB
Cyanotic
Pink frothy septum from cough
Pallor
Diaphoresis
Pulmonary Edema
Condition: Breath Sounds
Bronchial and egophony just above area of interest
Decreased sounds over area of interest
May hear pleural friction rub
Plueral Effusion
Condition: Pathophysiology
Enlargement of terminal air spaces w/destruction of alveolar walls
Emphysema
Condition: CXR
Normal
May look like emphysema
Asthma
Condition: Pathophysiology
Infection of the lower respiratory tract
Bacterial infection results in edema & lobular consolidation
Pneumonia
Condition: CXR
Early: Unremarkable
Late: thickened bronchial walls
Atelectasis
Bronchiectasis
Condition: ABG
Decreased PaO2
Increased PaCO2
Polycythemia
Hypoxia
Increased hematocrit
Incresaed viscosity
Chronic Bronchitis
Condition: Pathophysiology
Hypertrophy of submucosal glands > denudation of ciliated cells > obstruction > inflammation and wall thickening/airway narrowing
Chronic Bronchitis
Condition: Pathophysiology
L ventricular failure > increased L artia pressure > increased pulmonar circulation pressure > increased fluid in lung interstitium > alveolar flooding > decreased compliance, increased ventilation/perfusion mismatch, gas exchange disrupted
Pulmonary edema
Condition: Symptoms
Dyspnea
Cough
Asthma
Condition: Symptoms
Chronic productive cough
Morning expectoration
Blue bloater
Chronic Bronchitis
Condition: Etiology
- Increased pulmonary capillary hydrostatic pressure due to L ventricular failure
- Increased alveolar capillary permeability
Pulmonary Edema
Condition: Etiology
Necrotizing infection
Obstruction from foreign body aspiration
Bronchiectasis
Condition: ABG
Normal PaO2
Normal PaCO2
Normal ventilation/perfusion ratio
Pulmonary Effusion
Condition: PFT
Increased RR
Decreased Lung volumes
N flow rates
Normal/Decreased DL CO2
Fast/Labored
Pulmonary Edema
Condition: Etiology
Smoking
Air pollution
Occupational exposure
Hypersecretion of mucus to produce productive cough on most days for 3 mo during 2 consecutive yrs
Chrontic Bronchitis
Condition: Symptoms
Bacterial: Fever, Chills, Dyspnea
Viral: Fever, Dyspnea, Tachypnea, Non—productive cough, Myalgia
Pneumonia
Condition: Etiology
Smoking
Air Pollution
Emphysema
Condition: CXR
Small = blunting of costophrenic angle
Large = opaque
Pulmonary Effusion
Condition: CV Findings (2)
Cor Pulmonale
Chronic Bronchitis
Bronchiectasis
Condition: CV Findings
Normal
Chronic Bronchitis
Condition: PFT
Decreased lung volumes
Increased RR
RESTRICTIVE
Pneumonia
