Conditions

Question 1

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita

Answer 1

Fibrosis of mm/joints during 1st trimester

Sx: contractures, joint dislocation, atrophy

Question 2

Autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 2

Sit-up patient, check catheter, notify MD

Question 3

Bell’s Palsy

Answer 3

Temporary unilateral facial paralysis
Trauma to facial nn

Most resolve ~3 wks

Sx: asymmetrical dropping of eye/mouth, drooling, lack of eye closure, lack of drooling

Tx: artificial tears, e-stim, exercise, chewing

Question 4

Bulbar palsy

Answer 4

Weakness/paralysis of mm face, pharynx, tongue, larynx

Caused by tumors of lower cranial nn. If progressive, prognosis is poor

Sx: difficulty swallowing, slurred speech, dysarthria

Question 5

Carpal Tunnel

Answer 5

Paresthesia in first 3.5, mm weakness

Question 6

Cauda equine

Answer 6

LMN lesion, injury below L1
Full recovery unlikely

Sx: flaccidity, areflexia, incontinence

Question 7

Cerebral Palsy

Answer 7

Mvmt disorder due to brain damage
Non-progressive

Sx: abnormal mm tone and reflexes, impaired mobility

Question 8

Diabetic Neuropathy

Answer 8

Symmetrical sensory loss

“Stocking glove”

Question 9

Down Syndrome

Answer 9

Genetic anomaly of 21st chromosome (trisomy 21)

Hypotonia, hyper mobility, flat feet, heart disease, vision/hearing loss

Ligamentous laxity: can lead to AA instability, which can lead to SCI. It’s an emergency situation

Due to low tone, WBing and antigravity postures preferred

Question 10

Guillan-Barre

Answer 10

Polyneuritis with progressive, rapid mm weakness. Usually after illness

Recovery ~4 wks. Complete within year

Progresses distal -> proximal
Motor > sensory

Progression: resp, prom, positioning
Stable: gentle stretching, avoid overuse
Regression: mm re-ed, cardio, activities

Question 11

Huntington’s Disease

Answer 11

Genetic defect - degeneration/atrophy of BG and cerebral cortex

Life expectancy 20 yrs after sx appear

Sx: chorea, dystopia, ataxia, posture, balance, speech, incontinence

Question 12

MS

Answer 12

Progressive demyelination of CNS

Prognosis depends - avg 30 yr life expectancy post onset

Sx: spasticity, fatigue, vision, ataxia, incontinence, paresthesia

Tx: function, breathing, PNF,

Morning sessions preferable

Question 13

Parkinson’s

Answer 13

Tx: gait to increase stride, breathing, mobility, PNF diagonals with rhythmic initiation

Morning sessions preferable after dopamine agonist administration

Question 14

Postpolio syndrome

Answer 14

LMN pathology post-polio

Sx: slow progressive weakness, fatigue, pain, atrophy, swallowing

TD: low intensity exercise, never to fatigue

Question 15

Spina bifida

Answer 15

Caused by genetics, environment, low folic acid, hyperthermia

Sx: motor loss below level, sensory loss, hydrocephalus, scoliosis, incontinence, learning disabilities

Question 16

Trigeminal neuralgia

Answer 16

Compression/degeneration of CN V

Prognosis improves the sooner it’s treated

Sx: stabbing, shooting pain, also teeth/gums

Question 17

Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 17

Proximal -> distal progression

Gower’s sign, pseudo-hypertrophy

Question 18

ALS

Answer 18

Sx: spasticity, babinski, atrophy

Tx: maintain respiration, activity

Question 19

Horner’s syndrome

Answer 19

Ptosis of eyelid, constriction of people, lack of sweating at ipsilateral face

From stroke of anterior inferior, or posterior inferior cerebellar artery