Conditions

Question 0

what are the two types of tumours?

Answer 0

Malignant : Dangerous

Benign : Not dangerous

Question 1

What is a tumour?

Answer 1

uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells

Question 2

mestasis?

Answer 2

when malignant cells spread and invade nearby tissue, it can infect the lymphatic system

Question 3

7 warning signs of cancer

Answer 3

1) unusual bleeding or discharge in urine, from nipples or penis
2) wound that won’t heal, no matter if there is tx
3) changes in bladder and bowel movement
4) lump in breast or other part of the body
5) nagging cough with blood or sputum, this comes from the nasal cavity or lungs
6) obvious changes in moles (ABCD) rule
7) difficulty swallowing

Question 4

what is the ABCD rule for?

Answer 4

cancerous moles
A: asymmetry, does it look the same in all parts
B: border, is the edges sharp and ragged
C: colour, there more then one colour in the mole
D: diameter, is the middle more the size of a pencil eraser or bigger

Question 5

what are tumor treatments?

Answer 5

Sx -removing the tumour, near tissue, sometimes the lymph nodes
Radiation -high doses of radiation to destroy the cancers over and over. The cancer cells don’t have time to repair themselves in b/w daily tx. healthy cells are damaged/ destroyed too.
Chemotherapy - uses drugs to destroy cancer cells. Usually combination of drugs for better effects
Biological Tx - bone marrow transplants stem cell infusion

Question 6

What are side effects of Cancer?

Answer 6

Hair loss, Depression, Secondary infection, NVD, Fatigue, Dry mouth
Discoloured skin, Bowel changes, Mouth sores, Wt loss, Head aches, Anemia, Loss of appetite, Change in sleeping patterns

Question 7

What is arthritis?

Answer 7

a musculoskeletal disorder, inflamming one or more joints

Question 8

what are 2 types of arthritis?

Answer 8

Only condition happens with aging
osteoarthritis: most common, wear and tear .
rhematoid arthritis: chronic pain affecting smaller joints in hands and feet, with inflammation

Question 9

S+S of arthritis?

Answer 9

swelling, pain to move joints, loss of flexibility, chronic pain

Question 10

treatment for arthritis?

Answer 10

tylenol for mild and moderate pain
aspirin for mild and moderate pain aswell as swelling
narcotics for severe pain
Occupational therapy
Physical therapy
stretching
chronic pain classes
realigning bones
good shoes

Question 11

joint replacement?

Answer 11

for people with really severe rheumatoid arthritis

Question 12

Osteoporosis?

Answer 12

a disease characterized by low bone mass, and deterioration of bone tissue, leads to increased bone fragility

Question 13

Fracture?

Answer 13

a closed fracture means the bone is broken but the skin is still intact
an open fracture means the bone is broke and has broken through the skin

Question 14

S+S of a fracture?

Answer 14

swelling
pain
bruising
deformity 
loss of function

Question 15

treatment for fracture?

Answer 15

reduction: bones brought back to normal position
closed reduction: bones brought back to normal position with opening the skin
open reduction: bones brought back to normal position with surgery, using pins, screws, and plates and is often covered with a cast

Question 16

types of casts?

Answer 16

plaster
fibre glass
air cast

Question 17

cast care?

Answer 17

make sure that the cast never gets too wet.
make sure there is no irritation around the cast.
don’t let anything get under the cast
don’t let the client use any scratching devices because it could result in a skin tear and an infection

Question 18

Hip#

Answer 18

common in older adults
u will see the hip lower and outward looking
bed positioning depends on #
usually laying on side that hasn’t been operated on
keep the leg that is operated on abducted from the median
keep the leg from rotating out with sand bags, pillows, or splints, trochanter rolls
do ROM
support and elevate affected leg

Question 19

traction?

Answer 19

use weights and pulleys to put pressure on your body, should never be on floor

Question 20

what is purpose of traction?

Answer 20

normal length and alignment
lessen or eliminated spasm
relieve pressure on nerves
prevent or reduce skeletal deformities or contractors

Question 21

amputation

Answer 21

removal of all or part of an extremity

may be necessary to treat or prevent a disease

Question 22

Gangrene?

Answer 22

tissue death occurs due to interference and blood flow depriving tissue of O2 and nutrients if untreated can cause death

Question 23

how does amputation affect the client?

Answer 23

appearance
abilities to do ADL
self esteem 
mobility
independence

Question 24

COPD

Answer 24

Chronic Obstructive pulmonary Disease Long term lung disease often caused by smoking (includes bronchitis and emphysema) The airways and air sacs lose their elastic quality The walls b/w the airs sacs are destroyed The walls of the airway become thick and inflamed They make more mucus than usual The alveoli become damaged and air has more difficulty moving in and out COPD is progressive - gets worse over time there is no cure, but it can be controlled. (Medication, inhaler, O2)

Question 25

S+S of COPD

Answer 25

``` Coughing that usually produces lg amounts of mucus Wheezing SOB Chest tightness Chronic chest infections ```

Question 26

treatment for COPD

Answer 26

``` Inhalers Quit smoking Deep breathing/coughing exercises O2 therapy Increase fluid intake (thins secretions) ```

Question 27

what is pneumonia?

Answer 27

an infection in one or both lungs.

Question 28

what causes pneumonia?

Answer 28

bacteria, virus, and aspiration

Question 29

S+S of pneumonia?

Answer 29

``` chest pain shaking chills fever dry cough muscle aches nausea/vomiting rapid breathing rapid heart rate difficulty breathing shortness of breath sputum cough high fever confusion ```

Question 30

Pneumonia treatment?

Answer 30

prescribed medications in many cases it can be treated at home antibiotics are used for treating bacterial pneumonia antiviral drugs are used for treating viral pneumonia

Question 31

cardiovascular disorder

Answer 31

``` *Age related changes heart loses elasticity reduced cardiac out put Atherosclerosis (build up of plaque) Valves and veins not working effectively ```

Question 32

S+S of cardiovascular disorders?

Answer 32

``` 33% of people do not know they have high BP Breathlessness Headache Bleeding from the nose (Epistaxis) Fatigue Confusions Tinnitus (ears ringing) Vomiting Profuse sweating Blurred vision Red face ```

Question 33

treatment for cardiovascular disorders?

Answer 33

Medication | Lifestyle change

Question 34

HTN

Answer 34

Hypertension (High BP) | A condition in which arteries have persistently elevated BP

Question 35

Coronary Artery Disease?

Answer 35

Heart disease is a result of plaque build up in your coronary arteries (Atherosclerosis) Arteries start out smooth and elastic they become narrow and rigid, restricting blood flow. Angina Pectoris and Heart attack

Question 36

Angina Pectoris ?

Answer 36

chest pain/discomfort that occurs if an area in your heart muscle doesn't get enough oxygen-rich blood. Can lead to a heart attack

Question 37

S+S of angina ?

Answer 37

chest pain occurs behind the breast bone or slightly to the left usually begins slowly and gets worse but goes away quickly the pain can feel like tightness heavy pressure, squeezing or crushing it may spread to the arm, back, jaw, neck, shoulder dizziness N,V sweating palpitations SOB

Question 38

treatments for angina?

Answer 38

nitroglycerin spray 1 spray diet changes blood thinners stent

Question 39

Paraplegic vs quadriplegic vs hemiplegic?

Answer 39

legs are paralized, legs and arms are paralized and two limbs are paralized

Question 40

when do you apply heat ?

Answer 40

for pain

Question 41

when do you apply cold?

Answer 41

for swelling

Question 42

edema?

Answer 42

medical term for swelling

Question 43

psw role for edema?

Answer 43

elevate swollen part, ice it, medications, reduce salt intake

Question 44

what is HIV?

Answer 44

virus that makes you big, weakens your immune system,

Question 45

what is parkinsons?

Answer 45

part of the brain is affected that controls body movements, there is trembling and shaking motions. commonly seen in hands and feet

Question 46

S+S of parkinsons?

Answer 46

weakness, trembling, stiffness, slowness in movements such as walking and rolling in bed, decreased facial expressions, monotone speech, slow eye blinking, shuffling instead of walking, poor arm swinging and slouching, unsteady balance, "pill rolling", swallowing problems in later phases, light headedness and fainting

Question 47

what are risk factors for parkinsons?

Answer 47

age, genetics, exposed to environmental chemicals, like metal toxins, or drug use, head trauma, illness

Question 48

PSW Role for parkinson's?

Answer 48

thickner, stress ball, help prove walkers, sit down for light headedness, put a bed rail up, ROM, help them take their medication, accessable

Question 49

Osteoporosis causes ?

Answer 49

depression, crippledness, pain, decreased bone fragility, most often at the spine, waist or hip

Question 50

risk factors for osteoporosis?

Answer 50

calcium and/or vitamon D deficiency, little or no exercise, alcohol buse, smoking, women over 65, post menopausel experience any type of fracture, men with testosterone deficiency, genes if one of your parents has a broken hip you may be more at risk

Question 51

S+S of Osteoporosis?

Answer 51

back pain caused by fractured or collapesed Vertabra, loss of height over time, a stooped posture, typically no early stage symptoms

Question 52

Treatment of Osteoporosis?

Answer 52

HRT - Hormone replacement therapy (for women, thought to be the most preventative for osteoporosis), calcitonin hormone for bone turn over, hip protectors (cushion impact), light exercise

Question 53

Preventions for osteoporosis?

Answer 53

diet (consuming adequate number of protein and calories as well as calcium and vitamin D. To help maintain proper bone formation and density, try to avoid alcohol, caffiene, and salt intake, exercise atleast 30min 3x a week, stop smoking

Question 54

PSW Role of Osteoporosis?

Answer 54

help out with chores, make sure tehre is a clear path, nothing on the floor, no cords, cane walker, assistive device is close by, eat properly, milk, medication is taken appropriately, walk with client, encourage light exercise, signs of depression, conversations with the client, encourage independance

Question 55

What is multiple sclerosis?

Answer 55

a disease where the bodys immune system eats away at the myelin sheath that covers your nerves. Damage to the myelin can interfere with communication between the brain, spinal cord and other body parts. this eventually can damage the nerves themselves. the nerve damage is irriversable

Question 56

S+S of multiple sclerosis?

Answer 56

walking, speaking clearly, often symptoms with disapear for months at a time

Question 57

Risk Factors of MS?

Answer 57

age (any age, common between 20-40), gender (women are twice as likely), family hx, certain infections (epstine bar, herpes), ethnicity, geography regions, other autoimmune disorders (thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes)

Question 58

S+S of MS?

Answer 58

numbeness/weakness in 1 or more limbs, partial/complete loss of central vision (usually in 1 eye only with pain during eye movement), double/blurred vision, tingling/pain, electric shock sensations during head movement, tremors/lack of coordination/unsteady gait, slurred speech, fatigue, dizziness (all symptoms can affect on which myelin sheaths have been affected in the brain)

Question 59

complications of MS?

Answer 59

muscle stiffness/spasms, paralysis (typically legs), problems with bowel, bladder or sexual functions, mental changes, forgetfulness concentration, depression, epilepsy

Question 60

ways to prevent ms attack?

Answer 60

corticosteroids, plasma exchange (plasmapheresis), beta nterferons, mitoxantrone, teriflunomide

Question 61

strategies to treat MS symptoms?

Answer 61

physio therapy, muscle relaxants, medication to reduce fatigue, other medications

Question 62

PSW Role for MS?

Answer 62

provide walking aid, stimulate circulation in legs, provide large/bright visual guidelines, meds for pain and symptoms, encourage independance, provide pen and paper when slurred speech, provide place to sit/rest, ROM, offer neck brace for shock sensation due to head movement, allow clear pathways for mobility

Question 63

what is epilepsy?

Answer 63

central nervous system disorder, causes seizures. seizures may cause problems with muscle control, movement, speech, vision and awareness.

Question 64

what causes epilepsy?

Answer 64

genetics, head trauma, brain conditions, infectious disease, prenatal injury, developmental disorders

Question 65

S+Sof Epilepsy?

Answer 65

temporary confusion, staring spell, uncontrolled jerking of the limbs, loss of consciousness, pshycic symptoms like hallucinations or illusions

Question 66

PSW Role for Epilepsy?

Answer 66

helping with confusion, making sure medications are taken properly, helping with side effects, giving rest when tired (from side effects), lift self esteem when depressed, helping with ADL's, hlping recover from surgery, changing dressings

Question 67

What is asthma?

Answer 67

respiratory condition is marked my spasms in the bronchi of the lungs, which causes difficulty breathing.

Question 68

Where does Asthma typically come from?

Answer 68

hypersensitivity, and allergic reactions

Question 69

S+S of Asthma?

Answer 69

coughing, wheezing, SOB,

Question 70

PSW for Asthma?

Answer 70

inhalers, make sure they are full, make sure they keep inhalers with them, provide halls for sore throat

Question 71

stroke

Answer 71

cerebral vascular accident this happens when blood flow to part of the brain stops 5 major warning signs

Question 72

5 major signs of stroke?

Answer 72

``` numbness/weakness confusion eye sight (trouble seeing) dizziness headache ```

Question 73

What is the quick stroke assesment?

Answer 73

smile raise both arms speak a sentence grip your fingers

Question 74

what are the 2 types of strokes?

Answer 74

Ischemic - occurs when a blood vessel that supplies blood to the brain is blocked by a blood clot Hemorrhagic stroke - occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes weak and bursts open causing blood to leak into the brain can be from a defect like an aneurysm.

Question 75

signs and symptoms of a stroke?

Answer 75

``` suddenly without warning headache that wakes you up from sleep change in your alertness change in hearing and taste sudden confusion or memory loss loss of balance or coordination muscle weakness problems with eye sight trouble speaking ```

Question 76

Diabetes?

Answer 76

Diabetes is when the body cannot produce insulin or cannot properly use the insulin it produces. This leads to high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Normal sugar levels are 4-7mmol.

Question 77

sugar?

Answer 77

glucose

Question 78

made in the pancreas, helps absorb water

Answer 78

insulin

Question 79

high blood sugar

Answer 79

hyperglecaemia

Question 80

low blood sugar

Answer 80

hypoglyceamia

Question 81

below skin, in fatty tissue

Answer 81

subcutaneous

Question 82

excessive urination?

Answer 82

polyuria

Question 83

excessive thirst?

Answer 83

poly dypsia, hypergleacemia, trying to dilute urine

Question 84

excessive hunger?

Answer 84

poly phagia, hypogleceamia, trying to get more sugar

Question 85

S+S of Hypogleacemia?

Answer 85

``` feel weak confusion hungry tired may feel shaky nausea blurred vision dizziness sweating trembling ```

Question 86

S+S of Hypergleacemia?

Answer 86

``` increased thirst blurred vision slow healing sores increased urination sweet odour to the breath confusion dry mouth ```

Question 87

heart attack?

Answer 87

permanent damage to the heart muscle - arteries are narrow and blood cant flow the way it should. Heart can't pump enough blood for the body. Muscle doesn't get oxygen (cyanosis) myo=muscle cardinal=heart Infarction=death of tissue due to lack of blood supply caused by either a buildup seizing blood flow or a muscle spasm clots and plaque form build up* athersclorosis leading cause of death in both men and women

Question 88

S+S of a heart attack?

Answer 88

``` chest discomfort (mild pain) severe coughing nausea vomiting anxiety confusion crushing chest pain fatigue dizziness lack of appetite dyspnea (difficulty breathing) face has a grey colouring (cyanosis) feeling of terror and end of life is near feeling really awful restlessness weakness in arm cold clammy sweats trouble sleeping pain is typically constant speech difficulty ```

Question 89

psw role for a heart attack?

Answer 89

call 911 help prepare heart healthy diets, low inNa and fat, increase in fibre create a relaxed environment as best as you can, good for sleep, and as little stress as possible promote and encourage physical activity. Daily is best! Cardio is best! Cognitive activity is really good too. reassure comfort in times of stress and discomfort, this includes NVD, pain, pain, anxiety, confusion and depression cold, clammy sweats - provide comfort, wash down, blanket (warmth) and towel. may need to provide CPR - know your CPR = first aid pay attention closely to speech and watch for slurred words pay attention closely and watch for signs or pain or c/o pain/swelling

Question 90

What is HIV/AIDS?

Answer 90

a virus that weakens the immune system.

Question 91

how does HIV/AIDS effect the client?

Answer 91

depression, stress, anxiety, coping, councellor, therapist, get connected, find out how u can keep the germs to yourself, and prevent from spreading to others, getting treatment and coming out to get support

Question 92

what is an opportunistic infections?

Answer 92

when the immune system is weak it will make the immune system vulnerable to other infections

Question 93

family of client for HIV/AIDS?

Answer 93

encourage a healthy lifestyle,

Question 94

PSW role for HIV/AIDS?

Answer 94

promote self esteem, help with stress, encourage to breath slowly, encourage to relax, be funny, point good things, help with anxiety, help with depression, encourage safe practices, encourage to get support, use universal precautions, take care around body fluids, take care around laundry, take care around food