Conditions Flashcards
What are some causes of acute respiratory distress syndrome?
Infection: sepsis, pneumonia
Trauma
Smoke inhalation
Covid 19
Massive blood transfusion
Acute pancreatitis
What are some clinical features of ARDS?
Dyspnoea
Tachypnoea
Bilateral lung crackles
Low o2 sats
Whats the CURB 65 score?
Determines severity of community acquired pneumonia
Confusion
Urea >7
RR >30
BP <90 systolic or <60 diastolic
Age >65
What antibiotic is first line for low severity CAP?
Amoxicillin
5 days
What antibiotics are recommended in moderate CAP?
Amoxicillin and erythromycin
7-10 days
What abx are recommended in severe CAP?
Co-amoxiclav and erythromycin
What follow up should pneumonia patients have after discharge?
Chest X-ray after 6 weeks
What are some features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Progressive exertional dyspnoea
Bibasal fine end-inspiratory crepitations
Dry cough
Clubbing
What investigations would you do to diagnose idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Spirometry
High resolution CT
Whats the spirometry findings for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Restrictive picture:
Fev1/fvc >70%
Fev1 normal of decreased
Fvc decreased
TLCO reduced
What are some features of bronchiectasis?
Persistent productive cough - large volume of sputum
Dyspnoea
Haemoptysis
What are some signs found in bronchiectasis?
Coarse crackles and wheeze heard on auscultation
Clubbing may be present
What are the features of a moderate asthma exacerbation?
PEFR 50-75% of best/predicted
Speech normal
RR <25/min
Pulse <110bpm
What are the features of a severe asthma exacerbation?
PERF 33-50% best/predicted
Can’t complete sentences
RR >25/min
Pulse >110bpm
What are the features of life-threatening asthma?
PEFR < 33% best or predicted
Oxygen sats < 92%
Silent chest
cyanosis
Poor respiratory effort
Bradycardia
dysrhythmia
hypotension
Exhaustion, confusion or coma
