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OSPE PRACTICAL > CONDITIONS > Flashcards

CONDITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

OA EXPLANATION

A

As part of normal life, Jts exposed to constant low level damage
A disease that causes P, swelling and stiffness in your joints
As protective cartilage at ends of your bones break down
It can affect all joints in the body

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2
Q

STAGES OF OA

A

Stage 1- may be chnages to cartilage, but no change in joint space- likely asymptomatic or mild P in joints

Stage 2- during this stage bony spurs and can become painful

Stage 3- cartilage begins to show signs of wea, Jt space narrows

Stage 4- cartilage much lower, and for some completely gone, Jt space much smaller

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3
Q

OA PROGNOSIS

A

Although there is no cure, there are steps to take which will ease symptoms and potentially slow the progression of the disease

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4
Q

OA REFERRAL

A

Usually not necessary, but can use X-rays and blood tests to rule out other possible causes of P

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5
Q

OA PROGRESSION OF SYMPTOMS

A

If symptoms worsen beyond self-management get in touch
Same as if any post-treatment reaction occurs which is worrying to you

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6
Q

OA TREATMENT

A

Mobs- inc space in Jt to minimise effect
ST- inc blood flow, allow Jt to withstand changes

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7
Q

WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR OA?

A

For now, aim to maintain activity levels
Further down the line we will introduce specific strengthening and stretching to help limit discomfort

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8
Q

STRAIN

A

Injury to muscle or tendon
It essentially involves overstretching a muscle or tendon

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9
Q

STRAIN GRADES

A

1- mild, tissue stretched
2- moderate, stretching and some tearing
3- severe, complete tearing of tissue

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10
Q

STRAIN PROGNOSIS

A

Mild- return to normal activity within 3-6 weeks
More severe- several months

Prognosis is good if proper treatment is undertaken

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11
Q

STRAIN REFERRAL

A

Currently no need for referral
If symptoms worsen we can consider referring to allow more specific treatment
Ultrasound or MRI scan

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12
Q

STRAIN PROGRESSION OF SYMPTOMS

A

Mild strains can be treated at home
Seek assistance if P becomes intolerable, or you experience numbness or tingling

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13
Q

STRAIN TREATMENT

A

ST- inc blood flow, reduce P, muscle spasm, muscle tension

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14
Q

WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR A STRAIN?

A

Initially, rest, heat, ice, compression
Regular stretching and strengthening before activity

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15
Q

SPRAIN

A

Stretching or tearing of ligaments
Ligament= touch band of fibrous tissue which connects bone to bone

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16
Q

SPRAIN PROGNOSIS

A

After 2/52, most sprains will feel better
Avoid strenuous activity for up to 8/52, as there is risk of further injury

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17
Q

SPRAIN REFERRAL

A

Mild sprains can be treated at home
But injuries that cause sprains can also cause severe inuries, like fractures

Seek attention if- cant weight bear, P directly over Jt, numbness in any part of injured area

Xr- rule out fracture
MRI- to identify extent of injury

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18
Q

SPRAIN TREATMENT

A

ST
Lymphatic drainage- help reduce swelling, encourage fluid to help cleanse the area and remove toxins

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19
Q

SPRAIN PROGRESSION OF SYMPTOMS

A

Numbness, cant weight bear, P directly on bone

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20
Q

WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR A SPRAIN?

A

Regular stretching and strengthening
Whilst new- rest, heat, compression

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21
Q

TENDINOPATHY

A

Broad term for conditions of the tendon that cause swelling and pain
Tendons are rope-like tissues that connect muscles to bone
Tendinopathy often develop as an overuse injury

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22
Q

TENDINOPATHY PROGNOSIS

A

Although tendinopathy can become chronic, your symptoms will likely improve with rest and physical therapy

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23
Q

TENDINOPATHY REFERRAL

A

Likely to be fully identified through reported symptom and physical exam
More info can be provided through an ultrasound or an MRI to identify health of tendon

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24
Q

TENDINOPATHY PROGRESSION OF SYMPTOMS

A

Burning in the area, difficulty moving Jt, inc swelling
Contact me

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25
Q

TENDINOPATHY TREATMENT

A

ST- relax surrounding muscles, which attach through tendon
Mobs
MET- lengthen muscle, reduce pressure and P

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26
Q

WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR TENDINOPATHY?

A

Stretching
Rest
Heat

Down line- strengthening exercises prescribed by me to reduce chance of re-injury

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27
Q

NON SPECIFIC

A

The experience of P which cannot be explained by a certain tissue or underlying problem

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28
Q

NON SPECIFIC PROGNOSIS

A

Depends on the satge-
Acute- with treatment it can be well managed
Chronic- may take some time, but it will be accompanied with different strategies such as stretching and strengthening at home

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29
Q

NON SPECIFIC REFERRAL

A

Shooting P, numbness, intolerance to P
Depending on where but if CES

If you want more clarification on whats going on:
Xr
MRI

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30
Q

NON SPECIFIC PROGRESSION OF SYMPTOMS

A

Trt reaction, or new symptoms- contact

31
Q

NON SPECIFIC TREATMENT

A

Harmonics
HVT
ST
Mob
Tailor to suit what warrants best reaction

32
Q

WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR NON SPECIFIC PAIN?

A

Try and consider if there are any activities which provoke P- e.g., posture, or something in gym

33
Q

CAPSULITIS

A

A capsule is a piece of tissue that is attached to a bone and forms a sleeve around a joint
Stabilises Jt, distributes load from ground and protects Jt by limiting normal ROM
Capsulitis= inflammation, which likely causes P

34
Q

CAPSULITIS PROGNOSIS

A

With proper treatment and rest, it can heal within 6/52- 3/12

35
Q

CAPSULITIS REFERRAL

A

Likely identified through case history and assessment however an Xr can be used to make sure the symptoms arent coming from another problem
Or MRI for other possibilities (e.g., ad cap vs rotator cuff tear)

36
Q

LABRAL TEAR

A

Rim of soft tissue of cartilage which surrounds a Jt known as a ball and socket Jt
It makes it more stable and gives support to hold bones in their proper places
The ligaments that help hold the Jt together attach to the labrum

37
Q

LABRAL TEAR PROGNOSIS

A

Depends on location, severity and type of treatment

38
Q

LABRAL TEAR REFERRAL

A

If symptoms do not improve/worsen unexpectedly can have MRI or CT scan
Can help identify the level of the lesion and consideration of further treatment such as surgical repair

39
Q

LABRAL TEAR PROGRESSION OF SYMPTOMS

A

Loss of ROM, strength, popping/catching, instability, intolerable P
Contact me

40
Q

LABRAL TEAR TREATMENT

A

Mob- traction, open space- gives relief
If too painful- work around structures,. e.g., if in hip- treat Lsp

41
Q

WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR A LABRAL TEAR?

A

Rest
Ice if very painful
Can use heat and ice simultaneously

42
Q

CERVICOGENIC HEADACHE

A

Commonly caused by tension in the muscles in your neck as they wrap over your head
This causes tension and H/A symptoms

43
Q

CERVICOGENIC HEADACHE PROGNOSIS

A

With correct manual therapy 6/52
Can reoccur, but once given exercises and other management they should become less taxing

44
Q

CERVICOGENIC HEADACHE REFERRAL

A

Sudden new onset, worsening pattern, fever, neck stiffness, skin rash, aura, triggered by cough
Refer to GP where they will ask a few more questions, if concerned arrange a brain scan with a specilist to rule out why the symptoms are happening

45
Q

CERVICOGENIC HEADACHE TREATMENT

A

Soft tissue to release tension
Mobilisation
Manipulation
Strengthening- including deep flexors
Look further down- e.g., into Two

46
Q

WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR A CERVICOGENIC HEADACHE?

A

If working from desk- take active breaks, regular stretching

47
Q

BURSITIS

A

Painful condition that affects small, fluid-filled sacs called bursa
They act to cushion the bones, tendons and muscles near the Jts
Occurs when bursa becomes inflamed

48
Q

BURSITIS PROGNOSIS

A

Usually goes away after a few weeks

49
Q

BURSITIS REFERRAL

A

Can be diagnosed based on medical Hx and physical exam

If symptoms worsen or you would like further clarification Xr can be used to positively establish diagnosis
Can undergo blood test to analyse fluid from inflamed bursa to pinpoint cause of inflammation

50
Q

BURSITIS TREATMENT

A

Stretching
Strengthening- helps prevent reoccurrence

51
Q

WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR BURSITIS?

A

Rest and dont overuse
Apply ice to reduce swelling
Heat
Use cushioning to support area

52
Q

HERNIATED DISC

A

Refers to a problem with the rubbery cushions, called discs, between the bones that stack to make the spine, these bones are called vertebra
Spinal discs have a soft, jellylike centre called the nucelus, the nucelus is encased in a tougher, rubbery exterior called the annulus
Herniation occurs when some of the nucelus pushes through a tear in the annulus

53
Q

HERNIATED DISC PROGNOSIS

A

Many people have no symptoms with a herniated disc
For people with symptoms, they tend to improve over time
Around 8/52

54
Q

HERNIATED DISC REFERRAL

A

Usually no need, however if serious symptoms persist for longer than 4/52 it may be useful to have certain imaging, like an MRI, to see the extent of injury and help adapt treatment

55
Q

HERNIATED DISC PROGRESSION OF SYMPTOMS

A

CES if in LB
Persistent numbness, weakness, clumsiness
Especially after 4-6/52

56
Q

HERNIATED DISC TREATMENT

A

Gentle treatment to start including ST (relax muscles), traction, gapping techniques to relieve pressure on nerve
Exercises down line for prevention

57
Q

WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR A HERNIATED DISC?

A

Keep drinking lots of water- disc made up of water so important to help replenish
Avoid sitting for too long, if job requires then try taking active breaks
Heat to help inc BF

58
Q

SPONDYLOSIS

A

General term for age-related wear and tear affecting the discs in your spine
As the discs dehydrate and shrink over time, osteoarthritic changes occur
For most people spondylosis causes no symptoms, when symptoms do occur there are plenty of treatment options which are effective

59
Q

SPONDYLOSIS PROGNOSIS

A

This is a progressive condition, despite this many people are able to improve or manage the condition through various treatments

60
Q

SPONDYLOSIS REFERRAL

A

Imaging can provide detailed info to guide diagnosis and treatment
Xr- shows changes to spine
MRI- if suffering with neuro symptoms, can help pinpoint location
If you feel content with the treatment we can provide there is currently no need to have these images

61
Q

SPONDYLOSIS PROGRESSION OF SYMPTOMS

A

CES
Trouble coordinating, balance changes
Changes to symptoms- e.g., numbness, tingling

62
Q

SPONDYLOSIS TREATMENT

A

ST
Mobilisation
Traction

63
Q

WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR SPONDYLOSIS?

A

Heat
Ice if P
Remain active where you can
If in neck- consider changing pillows to more supportive ones

64
Q

SPONDYLOLISTHESIS

A

Where bones in your spine, called vertebra, move forward
It can be painful, but there are treatments to help

65
Q

SPONDYLOLISTHESIS PROGNOSIS

A

Low grade dont require surgery, and can be well managed with certain lifestyle changes and treatment

66
Q

SPONDYLOLISTHESIS REFERRAL/PROGRESSION OF SYMPTOMS

A

If LBP does not go away after 3-4 weeks
P in thighs or bum that doesnt go away after 3-4 weeks
Challenging to stand up straight or walk
Worried about P or struggling to cope
Contact a healthcare professional
May arrange an Xr, or MRI if experiencing P, numbness or weakness down legs

67
Q

SPONDYLOLISTHESIS TREATMENT

A

Will have the aim of improving muscle balance rather than muscle strength alone
This will be through ST, stretching
Strengthening- focus on core (as they help stabilise the back), hamstrings (as they often become tight)

68
Q

WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR SPONDYLOLISTHESIS?

A

Keep low back supported by using pillow or sitting with back against chair
Try sit with feet flat on ground, not with legs crossed
Avoid activities which worsen symptoms

69
Q

RA

A

Long term autoimmune condition, meaning your immune system (which usually fights off infection) attacks cells that line the Jts by mistake
Causing P, swelling and stiffness in Jts
Usually affects hands, feet and wrists
Possible to have flare ups

70
Q

RA PROGNOSIS

A

No cure, however early diagnosis and appropirate treatment enables Pts with the condition to have periods of months or even years without flare ups
Allowing the continuation of normal daily life

71
Q

RA PROGRESSION OF SYMPTOMS

A

Can lead to other conditions so if you notice any change in symptoms such as tingling in the palm and fingers, chest P, change in vision, speech or gait contact us

Complications- CTS, heart attack, stroke

72
Q

RA REFERRAL

A

Get you in touch with GP, they will likely set up blood tests to confirm diagnosis
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, full blood count

73
Q

RA TREATMENT

A

Likely be given medication from your GP
In terms of what we can do

74
Q

WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR RA?

A

Staying fit and in good mental and physical health
Take your medications
Regular medication reviews

OSPE PRACTICAL (3 decks)

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