CONDITIONS

Question 1

ANGINA: definition

Answer 1

type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. Types:
-Stable angina: happens during activity (exertion) and goes away with rest or angina medication
-Unstable angina: unpredictable and occurs at rest
-Vasopastic angina: isn’t due to coronary artery disease. It’s caused by a spasm in the heart’s arteries that temporarily reduces blood flow
-Refractory angina: episodes are frequent despite a combination of medications and lifestyle changes.

Question 2

ANGINA: causes

Answer 2

 Myocardial ischemia
 Coronary artery disease (plaque builds up in coronary arterties)-most common
 Coronary microvascular disease- damage on walls of tiny blood vessels that branch from coronary arteries
 Coronary artery spasm- spams temporarily restrict blood flow to your hear

Question 3

ANGINA: Clinical presentation

Answer 3

 Chest pain and discomfort (burning, pressure, squeezing)
 Pain may also be felt in arms, neck, jaw, shoulder or back
 Pain usually lasts less than 20 minutes
 Fatigue
 Nausea
 Shortness of breath

Question 4

ANGINA: risk factors

Answer 4

 Anaemia
 Diabetes
 Heart failure
 High blood pressure
 High cholesterol
 Obesity

Question 5

Chest pain causes

Answer 5

Central:
 Angina
 Heart attack
 Pericarditis
 Aortic dissection
 Massive pulmonary embolism
 Musculoskeletal
 Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Lateral/peripheral:
 Pulmonary infarct
 Pneumonia
 Pneumothorax
 Muskuloskeletal
 Lung carciroma
 Herpes zoster

Question 6

MIOCARDIAL INFARCTION: definition

Answer 6

death of heart muscle cells due to lack of oxygen-rich blood flow

Question 7

MIOCARDIAL INFARCTION: causes

Answer 7

 Plaque buildup
 Coronary artery spasm
 Viral infections
 Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD)