Conditions

Question 1

Osteoarthritis

Answer 1

An age related dynamic reaction pattern of synovial joints in response to insult and injury

Question 2

RA

Answer 2

Chronic, severe inflammatory autoimmune disorder of the synovial joints
Presents symmetrically with polyarticular involvement

Question 3

Gout

Answer 3

• A syndrome characterised by hyperuricemia and the deposition of urate crystals causing attacks of acute inflammatory arthritis
• Most commonly affecting the first toe, foot, anke and knee

Question 4

Pseudogout

Answer 4

• A condition caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals
• Leading to an inflammatory response against the joints

Question 5

Osteoporosis

Answer 5

A systemic skeletal disease characterised by lone bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture

Question 6

Spondyloarthropathies

Answer 6

Inflammatory arthritis of the axial skeleton which results in new bone formation and fusion of the vertebrae

Question 7

Ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 7

• Classified as a seronegative spondyloarthropathy
• Inflammatory arthritis of the spine and rib cage leading to new bone formation and fusion of the joints (bamboo spine)
• The key joints are the sacroiliac joints of the vertebral column

Question 8

Psoriatic arthritis

Answer 8

• A chronic inflammatory joint disease associated with psoriasis (skin condition)
• Presents similar to RA but is different in several ways
• Such as distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) involvement, dactylitis and sacroiliitis

Question 9

Reactive arthritis

Answer 9

Sterile inflammation of the synovial membranes, tendons and fascia triggered by an infection at a distant site, usually gastro-intestinal or gential

Question 10

Septic arthritis

Answer 10

• The infection of 1 or more joints caused by pathogenic inoculation of microbes
• Can occur by direct inoculation or via haematogenous spread
• Septic arthritis is a medical emergency as the infection can quickly begin to destroy the joint and cause systemic illness

Question 11

Osteomyelitis

Answer 11

• Inflammatory condition of the bone caused by an infection

- Usually occurs in a single bone but rarely will affect multiple sites

Question 12

Giant cell arteritis

Answer 12

• The most common vasculitis

- A granulomatous vasculitis of large and medium sized arteries

Question 13

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Answer 13

A systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the connective tissue
Erythematosus refers to the typical malar rash that occurs across the face

Question 14

Antiphospholipid syndrome

Answer 14

An autoimmune condition in which the body produces antiphospholipid antibodies leading to a hyper-coagulative state

Question 15

Dermatomyositis/polymyositis

Answer 15

Dermatomyositis = A connective tissue caused by inflammation of the skin and muscle
Polymyositis = Chronic inflammation of the muscles
An inflammatory autoimmune condition

Question 16

Scleroderma

Answer 16

A disease characterised by fibrosis across multiple organ systems

Question 17

Fibromyalgia

Answer 17

A chronic pain syndrome diagnosed by the presence of widespread body pain

Question 18

Sjogren’s syndrome

Answer 18

An autoimmune condition that affects the exocrine glands leading to symptoms of dry mucous membranes such as dry mouth, eyes and vagina

Question 19

Wegner’s granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis)

Answer 19

A type of vasculitis

Inflammation of the small vessels of the respiratory tract and kidneys leads to ischemia