Conditioning, Reinforcements & Punishments Flashcards
When do most owners stop training their dog?
After puppy/obedience classes
What is the primary associative method that animals learn by?
Conditioning
What are the 2 types of conditioning do animals learn by?
- Classical conditioning
- Operant conditioning
Give another, more common name for Classical conditioning
Associative learning
Give another, more common name for Operant conditioning
Trial & Error learning
Define what Classical conditioning is
(Associative learning)
When an animal links a stimulus with a behaviour
..ding ding!
What was the infamous Classical conditioning study performed in 1897?
Pavlov’s Dogs (1897)
(The bell was rung whenever food was offered and the dog’s made the association between the bell and food, so they expected food whenever the bell was rung and therefore would start to salivate, bell = salivation + food)
What 2 things does Classical conditioning method provide an animal with?
The ability to build up:
1. Knowledge
2. Experiences
What 2 things does the animal make a connection between, using Classical conditioning?
A link between the Stimulus and the Behavioural response
(Yes or No)
With Associative learning, can an animal make a connection between 2 unrelated events?
Yes!
Give a basic and simple example of Classical conditioning in dogs between 2 everyday items
+
What those associations are
The collar and lead.
The dog associates these items with:
* Walking
* Exercise outdoors
* An opportunity to explore, play + run
‘It’s…. in learning this aspect”
Operant conditioning is also known as ‘Trial & Error Learning’.
Name another common name for this.
Instrumental learning
Define what Operant conditioning is
When an animal links a behaviour with a specific outcome, after solving the problem
What was the infamous Operant conditioning study performed in 1948?
The Skinner Box Theory, by B.F. Skinner (1948)
(The rats were given light + sound signals in a box, when they touched the right button, they gained postitive reinforcement through recieving food and negative reinforcement via electric shock when they didn’t press the right button. So they associated that particular button would gain treats and the other would cause pain)
If the animal experiences a positive outcome, what is likely to happen?
The animal is more likely to repeat that behaviour
(If it is benefical to them and worth their energy)
If the animal experiences a negative outcome, what is likely to happen?
The animal is less likely to repeat that behaviour
(As they associate it with harm, injury or pain and thus not benefical)
What does the animal require to perform, in order to achieve an outcome?
(Probably with a positive outcome)
Solve a problem or command
What is a basic everyday example of Operant conditioning?
Performing a command, given from it’s owner.
Such as performing the commands “sit”,”stay” or “come” = recieve a treat
Fill the words in.
“Any stimulus that increases the probability of a desirable behavour is known as …………………… “
Reinforcement
Fill the words in.
“Any stimulus that decreases the probability of a undesirable behavour is known as …………………… “
Punishment
Define what is meant by the ‘4 Quadrants’ of Operant conditioning
The 4 Quadrants shapes the behaviour that is exhibited after experiencing the outcome, based on its consequences.
For example, encouraging or discouraging certain responses, so that the animal is more likely to change its behaviour to gain the more positive outcome.
Name the 4 Quadrants of Operant Conditioning
- Positive Reinforcement
- Positive Punishment
- Negative Reinforcement
- Negative Punishment
Again, what does reinforcement do?
It increases the frequency of the desirable behaviour
Again, what does punishment do?
It decreases the frequency of the undesirable behaviour
