Conditional Statements

Question 1

IF

Answer 1

Sufficient Condition –>

Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.

“If you live in Honolulu, then you live in Hawaii”

Question 2

WHEN

Answer 2

Sufficient Condition –>

Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.

“When you live in Honolulu, then you live in Hawaii”

Question 3

WHENEVER

Answer 3

Sufficient Condition –>

Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.

“Whenever you live in Honolulu, you live in Hawaii”

Question 4

ALL

Answer 4

Sufficient Condition –>

Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.

“All residents of Honolulu live in Hawaii”

Question 5

EACH

Answer 5

Sufficient Condition –>

Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.

“Each resident of Honolulu lives in Hawaii”

Question 6

ANY

Answer 6

Sufficient Condition –>

Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.

“Any resident of Honolulu lives in Hawaii”

Question 7

EVERY

Answer 7

Sufficient Condition –>

Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.

“Every resident of Honolulu live in Hawaii”

Question 8

ONLY IF

Answer 8

–> Necessary Condition

For a sufficient condition to be satisfied, a necessary condition is required. Without the necessary condition, the sufficient cannot occur.

“You live in Honolulu, only if you live in Hawaii”

Question 9

ONLY

Answer 9

–> Necessary Condition

For a sufficient condition to be satisfied, a necessary condition is required. Without the necessary condition, the sufficient cannot occur.

“Only people who live in Hawaii live in Honolulu”

Question 10

THE ONLY

Answer 10

Sufficient Condition –>

Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.

“The only people who live in Honolulu are people who live in Hawaii”

Question 11

NEEDS

Answer 11

–> Necessary Condition

For a sufficient condition to be satisfied, a necessary condition is required. Without the necessary condition, the sufficient cannot occur.

“People living in Honolulu need to live in Hawaii”

Question 12

MUST

Answer 12

–> Necessary Condition

For a sufficient condition to be satisfied, a necessary condition is required. Without the necessary condition, the sufficient cannot occur.

“People living in Honolulu must live in Hawaii”

Question 13

REQUIRES

Answer 13

–> Necessary Condition

For a sufficient condition to be satisfied, a necessary condition is required. Without the necessary condition, the sufficient cannot occur.

“Living in Honolulu requires that you live in Hawaii”

Question 14

IF BUT ONLY IF

Answer 14

Biconditional Relationship ()

A reciprocal relationship – either both conditions are met, or neither one is met.

Question 15

IF AND ONLY IF

Answer 15

Biconditional Relationship ()

A reciprocal relationship – either both conditions are met, or neither one is met.

Question 16

UNLESS

Answer 16

IF NOT

The term that follows “unless” is negated to form the sufficient condition.

“You can’t live in Honolulu unless you live in Hawaii”

Question 17

UNTIL

Answer 17

IF NOT

The term that follows “until” is negated to form the sufficient condition.

“You can’t live in Honolulu until you live in Hawaii”

Question 18

WITHOUT

Answer 18

IF NOT

The term that follows “until” is negated to form the sufficient condition.

“You can’t live in Honolulu without living in Hawaii”

Question 19

EXCEPT

Answer 19

IF NOT

The term that follows “except” is negated to form the sufficient condition.

“You can’t live in Honolulu except if you live in Hawaii”

Question 20

NO

Answer 20

“No Torpedo”

The condition immediately following “no” is the sufficient once you negate the necessary.

No A is B is diagrammed as A –> NOT B

“No resident of Honolulu lives outside of Hawaii”

Question 21

NONE

Answer 21

“No Torpedo”

The condition immediately following “none” is the sufficient once you negate the necessary.

No A is B is diagrammed as A –> NOT B

“None of Honolulu’s residents lives outside of Hawaii”

Question 22

Converse Fallacy

Answer 22

Affirming a necessary condition does not necessarily imply that the sufficient condition must follow.

A –> B
B
Therefore, A [WRONG]

A–>B
A
Therefore, B [RIGHT]

Question 23

Inverse Fallacy

Answer 23

Denying the sufficient condition doesn’t necessarily imply that a necessary condition cannot be obtained.

A –> B
NOT A
Therefore, NOT B [WRONG]

A–> B
NOT B
Therefore, NOT A [RIGHT]

Question 24

Transitive Fallacy

Answer 24

When two identical sufficient conditions are present, their necessary conditions do not necessarily cause each other.

A –> B
A –> C
Therefore, B –> C [WRONG]