Conditional Statements Flashcards
IF
Sufficient Condition –>
Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.
“If you live in Honolulu, then you live in Hawaii”
WHEN
Sufficient Condition –>
Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.
“When you live in Honolulu, then you live in Hawaii”
WHENEVER
Sufficient Condition –>
Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.
“Whenever you live in Honolulu, you live in Hawaii”
ALL
Sufficient Condition –>
Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.
“All residents of Honolulu live in Hawaii”
EACH
Sufficient Condition –>
Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.
“Each resident of Honolulu lives in Hawaii”
ANY
Sufficient Condition –>
Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.
“Any resident of Honolulu lives in Hawaii”
EVERY
Sufficient Condition –>
Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.
“Every resident of Honolulu live in Hawaii”
ONLY IF
–> Necessary Condition
For a sufficient condition to be satisfied, a necessary condition is required. Without the necessary condition, the sufficient cannot occur.
“You live in Honolulu, only if you live in Hawaii”
ONLY
–> Necessary Condition
For a sufficient condition to be satisfied, a necessary condition is required. Without the necessary condition, the sufficient cannot occur.
“Only people who live in Hawaii live in Honolulu”
THE ONLY
Sufficient Condition –>
Satisfying a sufficient condition is enough to guarantee that a necessary condition will follow.
“The only people who live in Honolulu are people who live in Hawaii”
NEEDS
–> Necessary Condition
For a sufficient condition to be satisfied, a necessary condition is required. Without the necessary condition, the sufficient cannot occur.
“People living in Honolulu need to live in Hawaii”
MUST
–> Necessary Condition
For a sufficient condition to be satisfied, a necessary condition is required. Without the necessary condition, the sufficient cannot occur.
“People living in Honolulu must live in Hawaii”
REQUIRES
–> Necessary Condition
For a sufficient condition to be satisfied, a necessary condition is required. Without the necessary condition, the sufficient cannot occur.
“Living in Honolulu requires that you live in Hawaii”
IF BUT ONLY IF
Biconditional Relationship ()
A reciprocal relationship – either both conditions are met, or neither one is met.
IF AND ONLY IF
Biconditional Relationship ()
A reciprocal relationship – either both conditions are met, or neither one is met.
UNLESS
IF NOT
The term that follows “unless” is negated to form the sufficient condition.
“You can’t live in Honolulu unless you live in Hawaii”
UNTIL
IF NOT
The term that follows “until” is negated to form the sufficient condition.
“You can’t live in Honolulu until you live in Hawaii”
WITHOUT
IF NOT
The term that follows “until” is negated to form the sufficient condition.
“You can’t live in Honolulu without living in Hawaii”
EXCEPT
IF NOT
The term that follows “except” is negated to form the sufficient condition.
“You can’t live in Honolulu except if you live in Hawaii”
NO
“No Torpedo”
The condition immediately following “no” is the sufficient once you negate the necessary.
No A is B is diagrammed as A –> NOT B
“No resident of Honolulu lives outside of Hawaii”
NONE
“No Torpedo”
The condition immediately following “none” is the sufficient once you negate the necessary.
No A is B is diagrammed as A –> NOT B
“None of Honolulu’s residents lives outside of Hawaii”
Converse Fallacy
Affirming a necessary condition does not necessarily imply that the sufficient condition must follow.
A –> B
B
Therefore, A [WRONG]
A–>B
A
Therefore, B [RIGHT]
Inverse Fallacy
Denying the sufficient condition doesn’t necessarily imply that a necessary condition cannot be obtained.
A –> B
NOT A
Therefore, NOT B [WRONG]
A–> B
NOT B
Therefore, NOT A [RIGHT]
Transitive Fallacy
When two identical sufficient conditions are present, their necessary conditions do not necessarily cause each other.
A –> B
A –> C
Therefore, B –> C [WRONG]
