conditional logic

Question 1

Four major characteristics of conditional logic

Answer 1

conditional rules are rules that only apply sometimes
conditional statements represent guarantees
conditional statements provide inferences
conditional statements link up

Question 2

conditional rules are rules that only apply sometimes

Answer 2

rules are set off by a trigger, formally known as a sufficient condition. it is sufficient, or enough, to guarantee the outcome

Question 3

conditional statements represent guarantees

Answer 3

“if’ represents a guarantee. If he trigger takes effect, the outcome must result.

one way to describe all flawed arguments is to say that they are arguments in which the author THINKS the support is enough, when in fact it’s not.

we need meld the support and premise with some sort of iron clad joint

Question 4

conditional statements provide inferences

Answer 4

look for the contrapositive

Question 5

conditional statements link up

Answer 5

multiple conditional statements in one stimulus they will link up

Question 6

“sufficient”

Answer 6

in logic terms, sufficient is enough to guarantee the outcome. it is far more powerful than necessary.

if there is a certain condition, there is a certain guaranteed result.

Question 7

words that start a sufficient condition

Answer 7

if, all, any, each, whenever, the only, when, everyone, every, no, none

Question 8

words that inform us of a guarantee

Answer 8

is, must, were, are, was, will be, invariably, always, cannot, never.

Question 9

words that indicate the “result” or “necessary consequent”

Answer 9

need, required, only if, unless, then, only, except

Question 10

translating conditional statements

Answer 10

step one: think of conditional statements as GUARENTEES. does a guarantee b, or does b guarantee a

step two: conditional mantras

Question 11

conditional mantras

Answer 11

you can’t drive UNLESS you are sixteen
UNLESS you are at least 16, you cannot drive
drive — > >16

He will eat fish ONLY IF it is dead
ONLY IF a fish is dead he will eat it
eat —> dead

Every American likes television
american —-> likes television

getting in to the house requires a key
get in —> have key

no act can be seen as altruism unless the person seeing it is himself selfless
must be altruism —> selfless