Condition summary Flashcards
Myocardial ischemia
Occurs when blood flow to the heart is restricted due to a blockage of a coronary artery.
Atrial fibrillation
The heart beats irregularly. (abnormal heart rhythms). the abnormal beat is in the atrium
Myocarditis
Inflammation of the heart muscles, can cause abnormal heart rhythms or pumping ability
Aortic dissection
Where a tear occurs in the aorta, causing blood to rush out the aorta, splitting the middle layer.
Pleurisy
The pleura (two large, thin layers of tissue that separate your lungs from your chest wall) becomes inflamed
Angina
Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.
Myocardial infarction
Heart attack, when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, usually by a clot
Pulmonary embolism
a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in your lungs
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach
Pneumothorax
When air gets into the pleural space.
Asthma
inflammation of the tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs.
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease- a name for a group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties.
Acute respiratory tract infection
an infection in the upper respiratory tract.
Pneumonia
inflammation of the lungs, usually caused by infection.
Shingles
A virus that inhabits the anterior dorsal cells in the spinal cord
Vasculitis
inflammation of the blood vessels
lymphoma
cancer of the lymphatic system
bacterial sepsis
When the immune system overreacts to an infection and starts to damage tissues and organs
Tuberculosis
A bacterial infection, usually in the lungs but can effect anywhere
Bronchiectasis
the airways of the lungs become widened, leading to built up of mucus that makes infection more likely.
Anaphylaxis
severe allergic reaction.
anaemia
a deficiency in the number of red blood cells in the blood
Parkinson’s disease
neurones in the brain degenerate and stop releasing dopamine
Stroke
when blood supply to the brain has been blocked
TIA
Transient ischemic attack, blood is temporarily blocked from the brain
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Motor neurone disease, progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurones- meaning signals required for movement and voluntary movement is disturbed.
Muscle sclerosis
Demyelinating disease that affects the conduction of electrical signals in the CNS.
Pericarditis
Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, a sac-like structure with two thin layers of tissue that surround the heart to hold it in place and help it work.
polymyalgia rheumatica
Isautoimmune attack of the joint synovium causing pain and local inflammation.
Treatment is steriods and NSAIDs as well as physio.
Ankylosing spondylitis
It’s characterised chiefly by fusion of the spine known as ankyolisis, leading to back pain, reduced mobility and eventually debilitating spinal deformity
atlantoaxial instability
C1 slides forward on C2
Rickets
a disease where defects in bone mineralisation occur due to inadequate calcium and phosphate levels prior to skeletal maturity.
Orthopaedic manifestations include bowing of legs, brittle bones and muscle weakness
Osteomalacia
Defects in mineralisation caused by inadequate calcium and phosphate uptake after physeal closure
Osteoporosis
Systemic skeletal disease, characterised by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibly to fracture
Cardiac tamponade
Cardiac tamponade happens when extra fluid builds up in the space around the heart. This fluid puts pressure on the heart and prevents it from pumping well
Massive haemothorax
The build-up of blood between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs.
Flail chest
defined as two or more contiguous rib fractures with two or more breaks per rib
tachycardia
HR over 100 BPM
Asthma
Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus
Pulmonary oedema
Pulmonary edema is a condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs
