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Sem 1 Year 1 > Condition summary > Flashcards

Condition summary Flashcards

1
Q

Myocardial ischemia

A

Occurs when blood flow to the heart is restricted due to a blockage of a coronary artery.

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2
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

The heart beats irregularly. (abnormal heart rhythms). the abnormal beat is in the atrium

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3
Q

Myocarditis

A

Inflammation of the heart muscles, can cause abnormal heart rhythms or pumping ability

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4
Q

Aortic dissection

A

Where a tear occurs in the aorta, causing blood to rush out the aorta, splitting the middle layer.

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5
Q

Pleurisy

A

The pleura (two large, thin layers of tissue that separate your lungs from your chest wall) becomes inflamed

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6
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart.

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7
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Heart attack, when blood flow to the heart is suddenly blocked, usually by a clot

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8
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in your lungs

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9
Q

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

A

Occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting your mouth and stomach

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10
Q

Pneumothorax

A

When air gets into the pleural space.

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11
Q

Asthma

A

inflammation of the tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs.

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12
Q

COPD

A

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease- a name for a group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties.

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13
Q

Acute respiratory tract infection

A

an infection in the upper respiratory tract.

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14
Q

Pneumonia

A

inflammation of the lungs, usually caused by infection.

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15
Q

Shingles

A

A virus that inhabits the anterior dorsal cells in the spinal cord

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16
Q

Vasculitis

A

inflammation of the blood vessels

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17
Q

lymphoma

A

cancer of the lymphatic system

18
Q

bacterial sepsis

A

When the immune system overreacts to an infection and starts to damage tissues and organs

19
Q

Tuberculosis

A

A bacterial infection, usually in the lungs but can effect anywhere

20
Q

Bronchiectasis

A

the airways of the lungs become widened, leading to built up of mucus that makes infection more likely.

21
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

severe allergic reaction.

22
Q

anaemia

A

a deficiency in the number of red blood cells in the blood

23
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

neurones in the brain degenerate and stop releasing dopamine

24
Q

Stroke

A

when blood supply to the brain has been blocked

25
Q

TIA

A

Transient ischemic attack, blood is temporarily blocked from the brain

26
Q

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

Motor neurone disease, progressive degeneration of upper and lower motor neurones- meaning signals required for movement and voluntary movement is disturbed.

27
Q

Muscle sclerosis

A

Demyelinating disease that affects the conduction of electrical signals in the CNS.

28
Q

Pericarditis

A

Pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium, a sac-like structure with two thin layers of tissue that surround the heart to hold it in place and help it work.

29
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica

A

Isautoimmune attack of the joint synovium causing pain and local inflammation.
Treatment is steriods and NSAIDs as well as physio.

30
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

It’s characterised chiefly by fusion of the spine known as ankyolisis, leading to back pain, reduced mobility and eventually debilitating spinal deformity

31
Q

atlantoaxial instability

A

C1 slides forward on C2

32
Q

Rickets

A

a disease where defects in bone mineralisation occur due to inadequate calcium and phosphate levels prior to skeletal maturity.
Orthopaedic manifestations include bowing of legs, brittle bones and muscle weakness

33
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Defects in mineralisation caused by inadequate calcium and phosphate uptake after physeal closure

34
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Systemic skeletal disease, characterised by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibly to fracture

35
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Cardiac tamponade happens when extra fluid builds up in the space around the heart. This fluid puts pressure on the heart and prevents it from pumping well

36
Q

Massive haemothorax

A

The build-up of blood between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs.

37
Q

Flail chest

A

defined as two or more contiguous rib fractures with two or more breaks per rib

38
Q

tachycardia

A

HR over 100 BPM

39
Q

Asthma

A

Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus

40
Q

Pulmonary oedema

A

Pulmonary edema is a condition caused by excess fluid in the lungs

Sem 1 Year 1 (10 decks)

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