Concerto through time Flashcards
What is a concerto
A peice written for a solo instrument, or group of instruments, accompanied by an orchestra
What are the three movemoments of a concerto
fast slow fast
What does Tutti mean
When the whole orchestra plays in a concerto
Name 3 baroque artists
Bach
Vivaldi
Scarlatti
When was the barouque period
1600 - 1750
What is a concerto grosso
A small group of soloists performing a concerto
In a concerto grosso, what is the concertino
The group of soloists
In a concerto grosso, what is the orchestra called
The ripieno
What is the basso continuo made up of
Combination of chords, played by the harpsichord, and bass, played by the cello
What are the most likely solo instruments in a baroque concerto
Violin
Harpsichord
Cello
Recorder
Oboe
Flute
What is counterpoint
Polyphonic harmony which was common in baroque concerti
What types of texture was used in baroque concerti
Both poly and homophonic
What is the most common structure of Baroque music
Ritornello
What are sequences in baroque melody
When the melody is repeated, but pitched up
What harmony is used in baroque music
Diatonic
When was the classical period
1750 - 1825
What section was added to the orchestra in the classical period
Woodwind section
- Flutes
- Clarinets
- Oboe
- Bassoon
When where timpany and horns used in classical concerti
Used sparingly, when the orchestra was loudest
Which two instruments where the most notable of the classical era
piano and clarinet
What is the sonata form
two contrasting themes - often used in the first movement of a classical concerto
What is the Rondo form
A returning theme - often used in the last movement of a classical concerto
What are 3 composers from the classical era
Mozart
Haydn
Beethoven
What is balanced phrasing, or periodic phrasing
Phrases of even length, usually 2, 4, or 8 bars. Used in a call and response style in the classical era
What is a cadenza
A virtuosic, improvised solo, where the orchestra stops playing.
It usually ends in a trill, to signify to the orchestra to resume playing
When was the romantic period
1825 - 1900
What changed about the size of orchestras in the romantic period
They became much larger
What instrument had been invented in the romantic period
Valved brass
What are 3 romantic composers
Tchaikovsky
Rachmaninov
Debussy
What type of harmony was popular in the Romantic era
Chromatic harmony
What where the dynamics like in the romantic period
Much more expressive, with a larger range
