CONCEPTUAL MODELS AND GRAND THEORIES Flashcards
Self–care maintains wholeness.
Three Theories? What are they? Wholly compensatory (doing for the patient)Partly compensatory (helping the patient do for himself or herself)Supportive- educative (Helping patient to learn self care and emphasizing on the importance of nurses’ role
Dorothea E. Orem’s Self care deficit theory in nursing
Theory of Self-Care
Theory of Self-Care Deficit
Theory of Nursing Systems
Holism is maintained by conserving integrity Proposed that the nurses use the principles of conservation of: Client Energy Personal integrity Structural integrity Social integrity
A conceptual model with three nursing theories –Conservation Redundancy Therapeutic intention
Myra Estrin Levine’s: The conservation model
Person environment are energy fields that evolve negentropically Martha proposed that nursing was a basic scientific discipline Nursing is using knowledge for human betterment.The unique focus of nursing is on the unitary or irreducible human being and the environment (both are energy fields) rather
Martha E.Roger’s: Scienceof unitary human beings
Individuals maintain stability and balance through adjustments and adaptation to the forces that impinges them.Individual as a behavioural system is composed of seven subsystems.Attachment, or the affiliative subsystems – is the corner stone of social organisations.Behavioural system also includes the subsystems of dependency, achievement,aggressive, ingestive-eliminative and sexual. Disturbances in these causes nursing problems.
Dorothy E.Johnson’sBehavioural system model
Stimuli disrupt an adaptive systemThe individual is a biopsychosocial adaptive system within an environment.The individual and the environment provide three classes of stimuli-the focal, residual and contextual.Through two adaptive mechanisms, regulator and cognator, an individual demonstrates adaptive responses or ineffective responses requiring nursing interventions
Sister Callista: Roy‘sAdaptation model
Reconstitution is a status of adaptation to stressorsA conceptual model with two theories “Optimal patient stability and prevention as intervention” Neuman’s model includes intrapersonal,interpersonal and extrapersonal stressors.Nursing is concerned with the whole person.Nursing actions (Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary levels of prevention) focuses on the variables affecting the client’s response to stressors
Betty Neuman’s : Healthcare systems model
Transactions provide a frame of reference toward goal setting. A conceptual model of nursing from which theory of goal attainment is derived.From her major concepts (interaction,perception, communication, transaction, role,stress, growth and development) derived goal attainment theory.· Perceptions, Judgments and actions of the patient and the nurse lead to reaction,interaction, and transaction (Process of nursing).
Imogene King’s Goal attainment theory
Individuality in living.
A conceptual model of nursing from which theory of goal attainment is derived.Living is an amalgam of activities of living(ALs).Most individuals experience significant life events which can affect ALs causing actual and potential problems.This affects dependence – independence continuum which is bi-directional.Nursing helps to maintain the individuality of person by preventing potential problems,solving actual problems and helping to cop
Nancy Roper, WW.Loganand A.J.Tierney
A model for nursing based on a model of living Individuality in living.
Interpersonal process is maturing force for personality. Stressed the importance of nurses’ ability to understand own behaviour to help others identify perceived difficulties.
Hildegard E. Peplau: Psychodynamic Nursing Theory
Accdg to Hildegard E. Peau, what are the four phases of nurse-patient relationships are?
The six nursing roles are?
- Orientation
- Identification
- Exploitations
- Resolution
- Stranger
- Resource person
- Teacher
- Leader
- Surrogate
- Counselor
Interpersonal process alleviates distress. Nurses must stay connected to patients and assure that patients get what they need,focused on patient’s verbal and non verbal expressions of need and nurse’s reactions to patient’s behaviour to alleviate distress.
Elements of nursing situation: ?
Ida Jean Orlando’s Nursing Process Theory
- Patient
- Nurse reactions
- Nursing actions
Therapeutic human relationships.Nursing is accomplished through human to human relationships that began with: The original encounter and then progressed through stages of Emerging identities Developing feelings of empathy and sympathy, until the nurse and patient attained rapport in the final stage.
Joyce Travelbee’s Human To Human Relationship Model
Growth and development of children and mother–infant relationships Individual characteristics of each member influence the parent–infant system and adaptive behaviour modifies those characteristics to meet the needs of the system.
Kathryn E. Barnard’s Parent Child Interaction model
Parenting and maternal role attainment in diverse populations A complex theory to explain the factors impacting the development of maternal role over time.
Ramona T.Mercer’s: Maternal Role Attainment
Comfort is desirable holistic outcome of care. Health care needs are needs for comfort,arising from stressful health care situations that cannot be met by recipients’ traditional support system.These needs include physical, psychospiritual, social and environmental needs.Comfort measures include those nursing interventions designed to address the specific comfort needs.
Katharine Kolcaba’s Theory of comfort
