Concepts/Things

Question 1

The Mandate of Heaven

Answer 1

Basis of power rested on this
The rhetorical reasoning for rulership
Developed in the Zhou Dynasty
Heaven has chosen him bc of his merits, abilities and skills to be the ruler
This also provides reasoning to overthrow the ruler, it is actually the duty of the people to rise up

Question 2

samurai

Answer 2

Political and military power

From the 12th C forward, the Japanese imperial government had to contend with the samurai

Question 3

shogunate

Answer 3

One of the two lines of parallel governments in Japan

The military government was led by the shogun

Question 4

Shogun

Answer 4

Top general in the military
Took care of military matters in theory
In reality, he led the empire

Question 5

Animism

Answer 5

Worship of spirits that inanimate objects have spirits in nature

Question 6

Shamanism

Answer 6

Rely on a person that has abilities to communicate with the spirit world

Question 7

Ancestor worship

Answer 7

One should revere one’s ancestors in life and death
Filial piety
Continue the family line
And take care of them when they are old
Patrilineal family

Question 8

Shinto

Answer 8

Spirits or kami lives in nature, in animals, and geographical points
The government tried harder to regulate the religion in the 19th C
It lacks a theology or a great leader
Localized and heterogeneous religion

Question 9

Buddhism

Answer 9

Originated in Nepal

Core belief that people can attain a state of peace when they realize that life is impermanent

Question 10

Daoism

Answer 10

Originated in China
Life is profound and organic
Beyond our comprehension 
Binary
Ying and Yang

Question 11

Confucianism

Answer 11

Humanistic, política and social philosophy
Provide a philosophy for good government and harmonious human relationships
Not concerned with religion and spirituality
Everyone has to follow a code of behaviour by their status and position in society
social hierarchies are essential for disorder
Humans are basically good
It reinforces the Mandate of Heaven

Question 12

Civil examination system

Answer 12

People could rise in society if they passed
It provided mobility
A pathway for men that were intelligent
To become part of the imperial bureaucracy
Open to all men of classes
But a majority of rich people passed bc they had the time and money to study
Gentry had to continue to get good grades otherwise they lose the status
Less In Japan and Korea

Question 13

The Self-Strengthening Movement

The Tongzhi Restoration

Answer 13

Local Chinese leadersa formed their own private armies and helped the Qing government quell the rebellions
Declared the need for a modern military and government in 1860s

Question 14

Reform Movement

Answer 14

Military modernization
Building western arsenals
Gun foundries
Shipyards
Officials needed to learn foreign languages
Translators were trained to deal with the West and opened embassies
Building railway lines and textiles factories

Question 15

The Hundred Day Movement

Constitutional Movement

Answer 15

After the humiliating defeat of the first Sino-Japanese War in 1894-95, the emperor wanted China to be stronger
Guangxu declared 40 decrees
Modern army and firearms
New tax systems
New banking system
Railway networks
Postal system’s

Question 16

The New Policies

Answer 16

Under the new emperor, Xuantong
The civil exam system was abolished in 1905
Created modern schools to train government officials
In 1907, creation of a constitutional assembly and the path to a constitutional government
But this came too late, people were tired

Question 17

The New Youth magazine

Answer 17

Promoted new ideas
Published articles and essays on politics
Very influential

Question 18

A Madman’s Diary

Answer 18

Lu Xun
A mentally ill person thought that people were eating each other
If your parents needed flesh you would give it to them
The Confucian way was corrupt

Question 19

Ganghwa Treaty

Answer 19

The Japanese wanted to be an influence on Korea
Japan forced them to sing an unequal treaty
Korea lost rights to control import tax, choose trading partners, trade policies
Extraterritoriality for Japan
China saw the situation and urged Korea to start making alliances
Japan claimed that Korea was essential to their national security

Question 20

The Treaty of Shimonoseki

Answer 20

1895
Won Taiwan and Pescadores islands
Liaodong peninsula with Port Arthur
China had to pay and give up Korea

Question 21

Triple Intervention

Answer 21

After the 1st SJ war
Russia got very nervous
Russia got Germany and France to agree to an alliance
For the interest of peace in East Asia, you have to give the peninsula over to Russia
Japan has to give up the Liaodong peninsula and later Russia gained a 25 yr lease on Port Arthur

Question 22

Trans Manchuria Railway

Answer 22

Built by the Russians
They built a southern rail
Money investment, to protect territory
Mobilization of food and troops
Asserting presence and dominance

Question 23

Anglo-Japanese Alliance

Answer 23

1902
The first equal treaty with a Western power
They recognized the sphere of influence but they accept the status quo
They are worried about rising Germany and wanted to encircle them