Concepts of the Human Body Flashcards
Anatomy
“a cutting open”
the study of the internal and external structures of the human body and the study of the physical relationship of body parts to one another
Physiology
The study of function and considers the function of the human body
Gross anatomy or macroscopic
the study of large or gross structures, done through dissection and visible inspection.
Dissection of the heart is an example of gross anatomy
Microscopic Anatomy
deals with the structures that cannot be seen without magnification. With the light microscope, you can see basic details of cells. With electron microscope you can see individual molecules.
Cytology
Histology
Systematic Anatomy
The study of structure and functions of various organs and body systems e.g. Dermatology (skin, hair, and nails)
The knowledge of anatomy and physiology will help you:
Grasp the meaning of diagnostic and procedural codes during specimen handling and accessioning tests on the Laboratory Information System
Understand clinical procedures and tests as related to your scope of practice
Recognize clinical diagnosis and to understand how diseases develop
Recognize the normal and abnormal appearance in body fluids, for example the appearance of normal cerebral spinal fluid is clear and colourless.
Understand the main structure and function of the circulatory system when performing clinical significant ECG tests and successful phlebotomy
Human body can be divided into eight structural units:
atoms
molecules
organelles
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organism (whole body)
Chemical Level
The most basic level and consists of atom and molecule
Cellular Level
They are the basic structural and functional of the body because all the processes of life occurs within cells. The human body contains approximately 200 different cell types.
Tissue Level
a group of cells working together to perform a specific function. There are four basic types of tissues in the body: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.
Muscles
There are three types of muscles, skeletal (A), Cardiac (B) and smooth (C)
Epithelia Cells
cover body surfaces, line the digestive, respiratory, reproductive and urinary tract, surround internal cavities (e.g. chest cavity) and line the inner surface of blood vessels. They can be squamous, cuboidal or columnar in shape.
Connective Tissue
All form of connective tissues contain cells and extra cellular matrix that consists of protein fibers and liquid know as the ground substance.
Nerve tissues
Specialized tissue call neurons that transmit information in the form of electrical impulses. Neuroglia isolates and protects neurons. The nerve system can be divided into the CNS (central nerve system) and PNS (peripheral nerve system).
Organ and Organ System Level
An organ is structure formed by organization of two or more different tissue types that work together to carry out specific functions.
An organ system consists of organs that interact to carry out vital functions.
