Concepts of Pharmacology

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

what the body does to drugs

Question 2

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

what drugs do to the body

Question 3

Types of drug receptors

Answer 3

Membrane lock and key (Beta Adrenergic Receptor)
Ligand-gated ion channel (GABA)
Voltage-gated ion channel (Na+ channel)
Intracellular Enzymes (Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors)

Question 4

Enantiomers

Answer 4

2 molecules having the same chemical composition but different orientations around a central atom - mirror images

Question 5

Agonist

Answer 5

Drug that produces its clinical effect by binding to a receptor and activating it (mimetics)

Question 6

Antagonist

Answer 6

Drugs that bind to receptors and inhibit them from binding to drugs that activate them. Competitive inhibition.

Question 7

Direct Agonism

Answer 7

Drugs that bind directly with a receptor to trigger physiologic response

Question 8

Indirect Agonism

Answer 8

Drugs that produce physiologic responses by increasing the concentration of Endogenous substrate such as neurotransmitters and hormones at the receptor site.

Question 9

Competitive Antagonism

Answer 9

Inhibits receptors from binding to agonists. Can be overcome by increasing the concentration of agonists at receptor sites.

Question 10

Non-competitive Antagonism

Answer 10

Inhibits receptors from binding to agonists. Cannot be overcome by increasing the concentration of the agonist.

Question 11

Compartment Theory

Answer 11

Body is composed of multiple compartments with set volumes. Examining the pharmacokinetics of drugs in terms of what compartment they travel to.

Question 12

2 Compartment Model

Answer 12

Central Compartment - rapid uptake, intravascular fluid, and perfused tissues like the lungs, heart, brain, kidneys and liver. 75% of cardiac output to 10% of body mass.

Peripheral Compartment - slow uptake, includes less vascular tissues like fat, bone, and inactive skeletal muscle.

Eventually equilibrated and eliminated from central compartment.

Question 13

Plasma Concentration/Diffusion

Answer 13

Immediately after administration of drug diffuses from central to peripheral compartments.

Question 14

Protein Binding

Answer 14

Many drugs travel through the blood attached to proteins like Albumin and alpha-1-acid glycoproteins.

Degree of binding is inversely proportional to volume of distribution.

Question 15

Biotransformation

Answer 15

Chemical process by which drugs are altered in the body. Can be set into two phases.

Phase I: Convert to polar metabolite
Phase II: Conjugate with endogenous substrate to water soluble.

Question 16

Clearance

Answer 16

Removal of drug from plasma via kidneys and liver