Concepts of Biomechanics PT2

Question 1

Joint Mobility

Answer 1

The degree of movement around a joint before movement is restricted by surrounding tissue

Question 2

What joints typically need more mobility?

Answer 2

Foot/ankle, hip, thoracic spine, shoulder, and wrist

Question 3

Joint Stability

Answer 3

The ability of muscles around a joint to control movement or hold the joint in a fixed position

Question 4

What joints typically need more stability?

Answer 4

Knee, Lumbar spine, cervical spine, and elbow

Question 5

What are Sir Isaac Newtons 3 Laws of Mobility?

Answer 5

Intertia: Motion tends to stay in motion while body at rest tends to stay at rest
Acceleration: Change in acceleration of mass occurs in the same direction of the force causing it
Action and Reaction: For every action, there is an opposite and equal reaction

Question 6

What are the types of force?

Answer 6

Compression force
Tensile force
Shear force

Question 7

Compression force

Answer 7

When two surfaces press toward one another, causing them to be compacted

Question 8

Tensile force

Answer 8

Pulling two contact surfaces apart

Question 9

Shear force

Answer 9

is created when two surfaces move or glide across one another

Question 10

What are the two types of motion for human movement?

Answer 10

Linear and angular motion

Question 11

Displacement

Answer 11

The distance an object moved from it’s starting point

Question 12

Linear displacement

Answer 12

the distance an object moves in a straight line

Question 13

Angular displacement

Answer 13

change in location measured in degrees of rotation of an object that’s rotating around an axis

Question 14

Friction

Answer 14

A physical force affecting the body’s ability to create force, accelerate and decelerate

Question 15

Static Friction

Answer 15

The friction of an object that doesn’t move

Question 16

Sliding Friction

Answer 16

Friction between two surfaces where one or both are moving against one another

Question 17

Rolling Friction

Answer 17

Force that resists a surface rolling across another such as a ball bearing or wheel on a road surface

Question 18

What are the 7 principles of biomechanics?

Answer 18

1. Stability
2. Production of maximum force
3. Production of maximum velocity
4. Force-velocity relationship
5. Direction of movement
6. Ground reaction forces
7. Angular motion

Question 19

Work

Answer 19

Energy transferred when force is applied to an object
W = F x D

Question 20

Power

Answer 20

The amount of work done in a unit of time

Question 21

Levers

Answer 21

A rigid or semirigid bar rotating around a fixed point when force is applied to one end

Question 22

Fulcrum

Answer 22

The point at which the lever rests or is supported and on which it pivots

Question 23

First Class lever

Answer 23

Fulcrum located between the effort and the load; creates the balanced movements when the fulcrum is centrally located between the effort and the load

Question 24

Second Class Lever

Answer 24

The load (resistance) is located between the fulcrum and the effort; Force movements are easily created by these levers because the load can be moved with relatively small effort.

Question 25

Third Class Lever

Answer 25

The effort is between the fulcrum and the load; adept at producing speed and ROM and are the most common type found in the body