Concepts in Reproduction

Question 1

What are the parts of the male repro tract?

Answer 1

Scrotum
Testis
Epididymis
Ductus (vans) deferens
Accessory sex glands
Penis

Question 2

What is the role of the scrotum

Answer 2

cool testes

Question 3

What is the role of the Testis

Answer 3

produce sperm and sex hormones

Question 4

What is the role of the Epididymis

Answer 4

Mature and store sperm

Question 5

What is the role of the Ductus (vans) deferens

Answer 5

Transport sperm

Question 6

What is the role of the Accessory sex glands

Answer 6

Produce seminal plasma

Question 7

What is the role of the Penis

Answer 7

copulatory organ

Question 8

2 positions of testes

Answer 8

Scrotal (primates, domestic mammals)

Extrascrotally (Birds, marine mammals, elephants)

Question 9

What are the parts of the female repro tract?

Answer 9

ovary
oviduct
uterus
cervix
vagina and vestibule

Question 10

What is the role of the ovary?

Answer 10

Produce oocytes and sex hormones

Question 11

What is the role of the oviduct?

Answer 11

transports the oocyte

Question 12

What is the role of the uterus?

Answer 12

supports development of the embryo and fetus

Question 13

What is the role of the cervix?

Answer 13

protects uterine environment

Question 14

What is the role of the vagina and vestibule?

Answer 14

copulatory organ, expels the fetus

Question 15

Duplex uteri

Answer 15

2 cervices
no body
completly separate horns
(RAT, MOUSE, RABBIT, GERBIL)

Question 16

Bicornuate uteri

Answer 16

1 cervix
small body
(PIG)

Question 17

Bipartite uteri

Answer 17

1 cervix
prominent uterine body
(MARE, CAT, DOG, EWE)

Question 18

Simplex uteri

Answer 18

1 cervix
prominent body
no horns
(PRIMATES)

Question 19

Gonadotrophin hormones (Gn) and their roles

Answer 19

FSH - follicular growth
LH - ovulation
GnRH - controls LH and FSH secretion

Question 20

Steroid hormones and their roles

Answer 20

Oestrogens (E2) - behaviour
Progesterone (P4) - pregnancy
Testosterone (T) - behaviour
***These hormones are produced by the ovaries, testes and placenta)

Question 21

What is the HPG axis responsible for and what does it involve

Answer 21

Regulating reproductive activity
GnRH
LH
FSH
Testosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone

Question 22

What are the stages of ovary and follicular growth?

Answer 22

• Primordial follicles (oocytes arrest at first meiotic division)
• Primary follicles (oocytes surrounded by single layer of follicular cells)
• secondary follicles (surronded by more layers, stimulates Gns to produce E2)
• Tertiary (antral) follicles(constrains fluid filled cavity(antrum), blister like structure)

Question 23

What are the follicular cell layers?

Answer 23

• Thecal cells (surronds and supports the follicle)

_Granulosa cells (Responds toFSH producing oestrogen, inhibin and follicular fluid)

_Cumulus oophorus (promotes oocyte maturation and ovulation)

Question 24

What are the 3 phases of spermatogenesis?

Answer 24

1. Proliferation
2. Meiosis
3. Differentiation

Question 25

How does the sperm travel through the penis?

Answer 25

1. Sertoli cells
2. seminiferous tubules
3. Rete tubules
4. Efferent ducts
5. Epididymis
6. Ductus deferens
7. Pelvic urethra
8. Penile urethra

Question 26

How does the zygote travel in order to grow and develop?

Answer 26

1. Primordial follicle
2. Primary, secondary follicle
3. Antral follice
4. Ovulation
5. Oviduct
   * fertilisation*
6. Uterus

Question 27

How is pregnancy recognised in the mother?

Answer 27

• embryo signals its presence to the mother

- How this is done can differ between species

Question 28

What happens during parturition?

Answer 28

• fetus signals its readiness
• placental secretions change from P4 to E2
• prostaglandin F2a secretion increases
• oxytocin levels increase
• labour induced
• fetus expelled