Concepts in Public Health Flashcards
What are the 3 Ps of public health?
- protection
- prevention
- promotion
What is public health practice?
An approach that uses the principles of social justice, human rights, equity, and the social and structural determinants of health to maintain and improve the health of populations
How is health a human right?
It is a fundamental right of every human being to be able to enjoy health to its fullest without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition
Who is in charge of ensuring health as a human right
Governments should ensure that citizens have the conditions they need for good health. Because food is essential it is also a basic right that government should enable all to have access to food. Therefore they should provide the conditions to make this possible through social measures such as enough income.
What is social justice?
The concept of fairness whereby everyone should have opportunities to be healthy and live with dignity through equitable access with no structural barriers in order to minimize preventable death and disability
What is dignity?
Having self-respect, self-worth a sense of pride and preservation of dignity has to do with everyone being able to acheive optimal health
What is health equity
Creating fair opportunities for health for everyone that is acheivable through their own unique experiences and involves eliminating avoidable differences in health amoung groups of people
What are the central tenets of public health practice intiatives?
- health promotion
- health protection
- population health surveillance
- prevention of death, disease, injury and disability
How does pubical health practice aim to prevent disease?
By reducing the risk factors and altering behaviours that may lead to disease
What is health promotion?
Empowering people to have increased control over the determinants of health in order to improve their health
Ottawa charter for health promotion
What is a public nutrition health intervention?
improving the nutrition of a population or community through evidence-based upstream approaches that promotes behaviour change through interventions such as a program, service, strategy or policy
What are the 3 types of prevention?
- primary prevention
- secondary prevention
- tertiary prevention
Describe primary prevention
public health
* aimed to reduce risk factos and alter unhealthy behaviours that may lead to disease
Describe secondary prevention
Public health
* detection and treatment of disease to reduce its impact and encourage strategies to prevent recurrence
Describe tertiary prevention
clinical health
* when an individual already has a disease the aim is help manage it to try an improve function, quality of life and mortality as much as possible
Examples of primary prevention
What are universal nutrition interventions?
Ideally everyone should have equal access to nutrition intervention so these are applied to the entire population
What is the problem with universal nutrition interventions?
Can widen the health gap by increasing health inequities because they may advantage people who are already in a favorable position or further detoriate the less favourable circumstances
* front of package nutrition labelling example
What are targeted nutrition interventions?
interventions that are targetting toward a particular subgroup of the population as determined by criteria
* food subsidies
How is public health policy an intervention?
- ideas form the basis of action
- focuses on the social and structural determinants of health
- promotes wellness through laws, rules, regulations, actions and societal decisions
What is the NOURISHING framework?
a framework with a comprehensive package of policies to promote healthier eating and prevent obesity and noncommicable diseases
What are thr 3 domains of the NOURISHING framework?
- food environment
- food system
- behavioural change communication
What are the policy areas for the food environment domain of the NOURISH framework?
- N - Nutrition label standards and regulations
- O - Offer healthy foods in institutions
- U - Use economic tools to address food affordability
- R - Restrict food advertising
- I - Improve nutritional quality
- S - Set incentives
What are the policy areas for the food system domain of the NOURISH framework?
- H - Harness coherence of food supply chain with health
What are the policy areas for the behaviour-change communication domain of the NOURISH framework?
- I - Inform through public awareness
- N - Nutrition counselling
- G - Give nutrition education and skills
What is the difference between best practice and promising practice?
- best practice - evidence-based intervention that was effective and can be replicated
- promising practice - intervention that show potential for best practice
What is public health surveillance?
The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data essential to planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practices.
What is an example of public health surveillance in Canada?
Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) which collects data on health and its determinants such as looking at diabetes across socioeconomic groups to determine who in the population needs services or intervention
What is public health strategy?
Proposing strategies, actions and solutions focusedon upstream factors to influence the right people to develop or change policies, laws and practices to support a public health issue
* ex. advocating for quality nutrition for those with malnutrition in the hospital
What are some advocacy strategies?
- direct meetings with decision makers and positioning yourself as a resource
- Serving on a policy working team
- Prepare a policy brief or position paper that presents an evidence-base for desired changes
- Strategic use of news and social media platforms
- Write to the editor of a newspaper
What are the strategies for Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?
- enable
- advocate
- mediate
What are the action areas for the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?
- strengthen community action
- develop person skills
- create supportive environments
- reorient health services
- build health public policy
