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concepts/ definitions Flashcards

1
Q

why study child and adolescent psychopathology

A

50% of adult mental illnesses sets on by age 14; 75% by age 24

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2
Q

what is ACE’s

A

adverse childhood experiences, such as physical sexual emotional abuse, mother treated violently, household mental illness, etc

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3
Q

historical perspective

A
  • rarely mentioned children’s mental health problems prior to 18th century
  • all were explained based on religions
  • combo of medicine, science, religion, and magic
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4
Q

humoral theory

A

mid-1880s
based upon Galen
disease is due to imbalance of humors
treatment is non-specific

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5
Q

the mergence of social conscience

A

industrialization 17th century promotes humane care and social protection

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6
Q

John Locke 1632-1704

A

children should be raised with thought and care rather than indifference and harsh treatment
tabula rasa - blank slate

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7
Q

Jean Marc Itard 1775-1838

A

wild boy Victor
believed that environmental stimulation could humanize Victor

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8
Q

Philippe Pinel 1745-1826

A

father of French psychiatry
classy observations of the mentally ill
developed moral treatment

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9
Q

Benjamin Rush 1746-1813

A

instituted reforms for the care for the mentally ill

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10
Q

Dorothea Dix 1802-1887

A

established 32 humane mental hospitals

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11
Q

psychoanalytic theory - Sigmund Freud

A
  • aggressive and sexual drives are the primary motivating forces
  • oral phase; anal phase; phallic-oedipal phase; latency phase; puberty and adolescence
  • oedipus complex
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12
Q

id, ego, super-ego

A

id - primitive
superego - moral conscience
ego - realistic part

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13
Q

Mahler’s individuation

A
  • focused on how children develop an independent sense of themselves
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14
Q

object relations theory - Mahler

A
  1. normal autism
  2. symbiosis
  3. differentiation
  4. practicing subphase
  5. rapprochement
  6. object constancy
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15
Q

Erikson’s psychosocial development

A
  1. basic trust vs mistrust
  2. autonomy vs shame and doubt
  3. initiative vs guilt
  4. industry vs inferiority
  5. identity vs role diffusion
  6. intimacy vs isolation
  7. generativity vs stagnation
  8. integrity vs despair
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16
Q

Anna Freud

A

expanding Freud’s ideas to children

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17
Q

Melanie Klein

A

children’s play could be interpreted in terms of unconscious fantasy

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18
Q

Piaget and cognitive development

A
  • focused on how children develop their thinking
    1. sensorimotor stage
    2. preoperational stage
    3. concrete operational stage
    4. formal operational stage
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19
Q

Pavlov

A

classical conditioning

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20
Q

Skinner

A

rewards and consequences - operant conditioning

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21
Q

multifinality

A

various outcomes may stem from similar beginnings

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22
Q

equifinality

A

similar outcomes may follow from different early experiences

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23
Q

risk factors

A

a variable that precedes a negative outcome and increases the chance of that outcome occurring

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24
Q

risk factors

A

a variable that precedes a negative outcome and increases the chance of that outcome occurring

25
determinants of mental health
30 gene 70 social eco environ factors
26
resilience factors
a variable that increase one's ability to avoid with negative outcomes
27
critical 9 individual resilience factors
emotional regulation self-efficacy
28
most common causes of death in adolescence are
accidents homicide suicide
29
why do adolescents take risks
1. brain maturation is not yet complete 2. driven by reward 3. evolutionary advantage 4. hormones and early puberty 5. peer effects 6. behavioral contributions
30
defining psychological disorders characteristics
distress disability risk of further suffering or harm
31
DSM-5 goal
to move away from categorical diagnoses and toward dimensional diagnoses
32
IQ
- bell-shaped curve - 100 average - sd =15
33
IQ assessment
correlate with and predict school achievement a measure of academic intelligence heredity and environment influence IQ scores cultural influences
34
tests of intelligence
WPPSI-III WISC-IV WAIS-III
35
WISC-III
verbal iq performance iq full scale iq
36
WISC-IV
verbal comprehension index perceptual reasoning index working memory index processing speed index
37
what can a neuropsychological assessment do
- explain intelligence-academic gap - explain variability in functioning across domains - recommend specific remediation and acoomodations
38
executive functioning
command and control function the conductor of all cognitive skills
39
what is disability
affects daily functioning impedes academic achievement substantially interferes with the ability to learn
40
left hemisphere
dominant for speech analysis and processing of details damage can cause speech and language prob, verbal memory loss, concrete thinking, reading writing math disorders, poor complex motor movements
41
right hemisphere
mediates complex nonverbal material gestalt thinking damage can cause poor judgment, organization, processing of complex info, inferential thinking, construction, insight
42
learning disorder diagnostic features
Diagnosed when an individual’s achievement on individually administered, standardized tests in reading, math, or written expression is substantially below that expected for age, schooling, and level of intelligence
43
Broca's area
speech production
44
Wernickes' area
meanings of words
45
dyslexia
SLD with impairment in reading left hemisphere defect
46
dyslexia
SLD with impairment in reading left hemisphere defect
47
academic functioning - reading
decoding comprehension
48
SLD with impairment in mathematics
generally attributed to R hemisphere
49
academic functioning - mathematics
calculations word problems
50
SLD with impairment in written expression
difficult to diagnose prevalence unknown
51
academic functioning - writing
handwriting spelling writing process
52
intellectual disability
emphasized the need for an assessment of both cognitive capacity and adaptive functioning severity is determined by adaptive functioning
53
down's syndrome
ID nondisjunction chromosome 21
54
fragile x syndrome
ID FMR-1 gene
55
Fetal EtOH Syndrome
ID a condition in a child that results from alcohol exposure during the mother's pregnancy
56
prader-willi syndrome
deletion in paternally drive chromosome 15
57
angelman syndrome
deletion in chromosome 15
58
williams syndrome
deletion of elastin gene

CAM Midterm (1 decks)

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